Associations between consumption of organic vegetables and subgroups of pre-eclampsia among 28 192 pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study 2002–2008
N | Per cent | High consumption, organic vegetables (%) | Adjusted model* OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted model† OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subtypes by time of onset | |||||||
Early-onset pre-eclampsia‡ | |||||||
Yes | 142 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.69 (0.32 to 1.48) | 0.34 | 0.75 (0.35 to 1.62) | 0.46 |
No | 26 701 | 94.7 | 95.8 | ||||
Late-onset pre-eclampsia | |||||||
Yes | 1349 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 0.76 (0.60 to 0.97) | 0.030 | 0.79 (0.62 to 1.01) | 0.063 |
No | 26 701 | 94.7 | 95.8 | ||||
Subtypes by clinical severity | |||||||
Mild pre-eclampsia | |||||||
Yes | 841 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 0.70 (0.51 to 0.96) | 0.029 | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.00) | 0.051 |
No | 26 701 | 94.7 | 95.8 | ||||
Severe pre-eclampsia§ | |||||||
Yes | 434 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.91 (0.61 to 1.34) | 0.62 | 0.97 (0.65 to 1.43) | 0.86 |
No | 26 701 | 94.7 | 95.8 | ||||
Unspecified pre-eclampsia | |||||||
Yes | 216 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.66 (0.35 to 1.24) | 0.20 | 0.67 (0.35 to 1.27) | 0.22 |
No | 26 701 | 94.7 | 95.8 |
*Model adjusted for hypertension prior to pregnancy, pre-pregnant body mass index, maternal height, maternal age, maternal education, household income, maternal smoking in pregnancy, total energy intake and gestational weight gain.
†Model adjusted for all of the above and additional adjustment for ‘healthy’ food scores.
‡Diagnosed before 34 weeks.
§Severe pre-eclampsia including eclampsia and HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count).