Associations between consumption of organic vegetables and risk of pre-eclampsia among 28 192 pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study 2002–2008
| Total n | Pre-eclampsia N (%) | Crude model OR (95% CI) | Adjusted model 1* OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted model 2† OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 192 | 1491 (5.3) | ||||||
| Organic vegetables | |||||||
| Low | 26 241 | 1410 (5.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| High | 1951 | 81 (4.2) | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.96) | 0.75 (0.60 to 0.95) | 0.017 | 0.79 (0.62 to 0.99) | 0.043 |
| Scores on a ‘healthy’ food pattern‡ | |||||||
| Tertile 1 | 8369 | 556 (6.6) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tertile 2 | 9320 | 480 (5.2) | 0.76 (0.67 to 0.87) | 0.80 (0.70 to 0.91) | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.92) | 0.001 | |
| Tertile 3 | 10 503 | 455 (4.3) | 0.64 (0.56 to 0.72) | 0.73 (0.64 to 0.84) | 0.001 | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.85) | <0.001 |
| p Trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
*Model adjusted for hypertension prior to pregnancy, pre-pregnant body mass index, maternal height, maternal age, maternal education, household income, maternal smoking in pregnancy, total energy intake and gestational weight gain.
†Model adjusted for all of the above and mutual adjustment for organic vegetable consumption and ‘healthy’ food scores.
‡Food pattern described in detail in Torjusen et al.33