Table 3

Model C: Evidence-based data for improvement or alteration of normal microbiota (NM) in 19 probiotics in healthy volunteers enrolled in 29 studies (29 treatment arms) in studies with no disruptive exposures

Probiotic*	Reference	Number treated with probiotic	Type of assay for NM	Enrolled population	Type of disrupting factor	Follow-up post-treat-ment	Claims stated in papers	Evidence-based claim
Bifido animalis lactis DN173010	Rochet et al49	12	FISH	Healthy	None	10 days	No change	No change
Bifido animalis lactis DN173010	Oswari et al81	160	PCR	Volunteers	None	6 months	No change	No change
Bifido bifidum	Langhendries et al82	20	Culture	Healthy volunteers	None	0	No change	No change
Bifido longum	Benno and Mitsuoka83	5	Culture	Healthy volunteers	None	0	No change	No change
	Fujiwara et al84	7	Culture		None	30 days	Alters	Alters
	Harmsen et al85	14	FISH		None	0	No change	No change
Lactobacillus casei ND114001	Guerin et al86	12	Culture	Healthy volunteers	None	1 weeks	No change	No change
	Rochet et al87	12	FISH		None	10 days	No change	No change
	Rochet et al88	7	FISH		None	0	No change	No change
Lactobacillus johnsonii La1	Brunser et al89	32	Culture and FISH	Healthy volunteers	None	2 weeks	No claim	No change
Lactobacillus plantarum 299v	Goossens et al90	11	Culture	Healthy	None	3 weeks	No change	No change
	Goossens et al91	32	Culture	Healthy	None	4 weeks	No change	No change
	Goossens et al92	15	Culture	Colonic	None	0	No change	No change
	Berggren et al93	33	Culture	Polyps	None	0	No change	No change
	Karlsson et al94	9	TRFLP	Healthy, atherosclerosis	None	0	Alters	Alters
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	Gueimonde et al95	29	PCR	Healthy volunteers	None	0	No change	No change
Lactobacillus salivarius CECT5713	Sierra et al96	20	Culture	Healthy volunteers	None	0	Improves	No change
Saccharomyces boulardii lyo	Vanhoutte et al97	30	PCR	Healthy volunteers	None	0	No change	No change
B. animalis+B. longum	Zhong et al98	11	FISH	Healthy volunteers	None	7 days	No change	No change
B. animalis+B. longum	He et al99	11	FISH	Healthy volunteers	None	7 days	Modifies	No change
L. acidophilus+B. lactis	Yang and Sheu100	63	Culture	Healthy but 55% H. pylori+	None	0	Restores	Alters
L. rhamnosus GG+B. longum Bb536	Mah et al101	20	FISH	Healthy neonates	None	6 months	No change	No change
L. rhamnosus GG+B. lactis Bb12	Rafter et al102	38	Culture	Patients with colon cancer or at risk	None	0	No change	No change
L. rhamnosus GG+Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356	Kubota et al103	14	Culture FISH TRFLP	Healthy, allergy patients	None	0	Suppressed changes	Alters
L. paracasei B21060+L. paracasei B21070+L. gasseri B21090	Morelli et al104	12	Culture	Healthy volunteers	None	3 days	No claims	No change
L. acidophilus 1748+L. paracasei F19+B. lactis Bb12	Sullivan et al105	15	Culture	Chronic fatigue patients	None	4 weeks	No change	No change
L. rhamnosus 271+L. acidophilus NCFM+L. paracasei 114001+B. animalis 1017	Engelbrektson et al50	22	Culture TRFLP PCR	Healthy volunteers	None	2 weeks	No change	No change
B. animalis lactis+Lactobacillus delbrueckii I-1632+L. delbrueckii I-1519+L. lactis cremoris	McNulty et al106	7	PCR	Healthy twins volunteers	None	4 weeks	No change	No change
L. acidophilus+L. paracasei+L. delbrueckii spp bulgaricus+L. plantarum+B. longum+B. infantis+B. breve	Vital et al14	15	PCR	Healthy pregnant volunteers	None	0	Modulates	No change

*Including strain (when reported).
FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis; TRFLP, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.