Baseline characteristics of daily smokers, according to the smoking intensity
| Smoking intensity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light smokers (n=135) | Moderate smokers (n=106) | Heavy smokers (n=13) | p Value | |
| Body weight, kg(b,c) | 71.3±13.6 | 70.8±12.8 | 81.3±18.0 | 0.009 |
| BMI, kg/m2(b,c) | 24.2±3.5 | 24.1±3.5 | 27.5±3.4 | 0.023 |
| WC, cm | 86.0±11.4 | 86.9±10.2 | 94.3±11.7 | 0.059 |
| HC, cm | 96.5±8.6 | 97.7±8.0 | 102.6±8.5 | 0.163 |
| WHR | 0.890±0.08 | 0.890±0.07 | 0.920±0.07 | 0.280 |
| WHtR | 0.502±0.06 | 0.508±0.06 | 0.545±0.05 | 0.266 |
| FG, mmol(b,c) | 4.3±0.6 | 4.4±0.8 | 5.3±2.6 | 0.010 |
| TC, mmol | 5.4±1.1 | 5.4±1.0 | 5.6±0.7 | 0.399 |
| HDL-C, mmol | 1.6±0.4 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.1±0.3 | 0.057 |
| LDL-C, mmol | 3.3±1.1 | 3.3±0.9 | 3.6±0.6 | 0.515 |
| TC to HDL-C ratio(b,c) | 3.6±1.2 | 3.9±1.2 | 5.5±1.8 | 0.033 |
| TAG, mmol(b,c) | 1.1±0.6 | 1.3±0.7 | 2.5±1.9 | 0.006 |
| Total WCC, G/L(a) | 7.0±1.8 | 8.0±2.3 | 8.0±2.2 | 0.035 |
Values are shown as mean±SD.
p Value determined by multivariate ANOVA and adjusted for age, physical activity and energy intake; LSD was the post hoc procedure; (a) statistically significant differences between light and moderate smokers; (b) statistically significant differences between light and heavy smokers; (c) statistically significant differences between moderate and heavy smokers. Light smokers: 1–10 cigarettes per day; moderate smokers: 11–20 cigarettes per day; heavy smokers: >20 cigarettes per day.
BMI, body mass index; FG, fasting glucose; HC, hip circumference; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TAG, triacylglycerols; TC, total cholesterol; WC, waist circumference; WCC, white cell count; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.