Prevalence ratios for upper quartile (with first quartile used as reference) for multivariate associations between urinary phthalates and phenols and depression
| Unadjusted | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phthalates | n=3342 | n=3117 | n=2747 | n=2710 |
| Monocarboxynonyl Phthalate | 0.91 (0.57 to 1.46) | 1.04 (0.68 to 1.59) | 0.96 (0.60 to 1.55) | 0.93 (0.58 to 1.48) |
| Monocarboxyoctyl Phthalate | 0.91 (0.56 to 1.48) | 1.06 (0.69 to 1.63) | 1.08 (0.68 to 1.71) | 1.05 (0.66 to 1.66) |
| Mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate | 0.84 (0.51 to 1.38) | 0.89 (0.53 to 1.51) | 0.76 (0.42 to 1.35) | 0.76 (0.42 to 1.37) |
| Mono-N-butyl phthalate | 1.65 (0.98 to 2.76) | 1.35 (0.78 to 2.36) | 1.17 (0.63 to 2.17) | 1.14 (0.65 to 1.99) |
| Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate | 1.34 (0.82 to 2.21) | 1.45 (0.88 to 2.40) | 1.20 (0.67 to 2.13) | 1.18 (0.67 to 2.07) |
| Monoethyl phthalate | 1.48 (0.94 to 2.34) | 1.26 (0.76 to 2.08) | 1.18 (0.72 to 1.96) | 1.28 (0.77 to 2.11) |
| Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate | 0.94 (0.55 to 1.61) | 0.96 (0.55 to 1.68) | 0.86 (0.46 to 1.59) | 0.79 (0.43 to 1.45) |
| Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate | 0.91 (0.50 to 1.63) | 0.93 (0.50 to 1.73) | 0.94 (0.48 to 1.85) | 0.96 (0.49 to 1,87) |
| Mono-N-methyl phthalate§ | 0.86 (0.57 to 1.30) | 0.82 (0.56 to 1.20) | 0.72 (0.52 to 0.98) | 0.73 (0.54 to 1.01) |
| Mono-isononyl phthalate¶ | 1.27 (0.65 to 2.50) | 1.45 (0.76 to 2.79) | 1.50 (0.73 to 3.06) | 1.38 (0.70 to 2.73) |
| Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate | 0.93 (0.53 to 1.63) | 0.99 (0.55 to 1.78) | 0.89 (0.45 to 1.78) | 0.84 (0.44 to 1.59) |
| Mono-benzyl phthalate | 1.51 (0.85 to 2.69) | 1.28 (0.66 to 2.46) | 1.02 (0.48 to 2.14) | 0.99 (0.52 to 1.88) |
| Mono-isobutyl phthalate | 1.54 (0.88 to 2.69) | 1.34 (0.77 to 2.33) | 1.13 (0.58 to 2.18) | 1.11 (0.60 to 2.06) |
| Phenols | n=5160 | n=4775 | n=4202 | n=4185 |
| Bisphenol A | 1.44 (0.98 to 2.10) | 1.22 (0.80 to 1.85) | 1.00 (0.64 to 1.55) | 0.94 (0.60 to 1.46) |
| Benzophenone-3 | 0.47 (0.33 to 0.67) | 0.54 (0.37 to 0.80) | 0.55 (0.34 to 0.88) | 0.55 (0.34 to 0.88) |
| 4-tert-octylphenol¶ | 1.47 (10.7 to 2.02) | 1.35 (0.95 to 1.92) | 1.35 (0.94 to 1.95) | 1.34 (0.93 to 1.94) |
| Triclosan | 0.52 (0.40 to 0.69) | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.84) | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.91) | 0.66 (0.47 to 0.93) |
| Butyl paraben§ | 1.00 (0.72 to 1.41) | 0.92 (0.66 to 1.28) | 0.94 (0.66 to 1.34) | 0.96 (0.67 to 1.37) |
| Ethyl paraben§ | 0.83 (0.62 to 1.09) | 0.74 (0.56 to 0.99) | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.97) | 0.76 (0.57 to 1.00) |
| Methy paraben | 1.04 (0.73 to 1.48) | 0.75 (0.49 to 1.15) | 0.77 (0.51 to 1.18) | 0.76 (0.50 to 1.14) |
| Propyl paraben | 1.13 (0.87 to 1.64) | 0.91 (0.59 to 1.40) | 1.03 (0.68 to 1.58) | 1.02 (0.67 to 1.54) |
*Adjusted for demographics and socioeconomic status (age, sex, poverty, family income, ethnicity and country of birth).
†Adjusted for the above, cotinine levels and chronic medical illness.
‡Adjusted for the above and blood levels of cholesterol, glucose and creatinine.
§Only three groups formed because of the lack of granularity in data.
¶Only two groups formed because of the lack of granularity in data.