Characteristics of the samples by outcome and potential predictor variables included in logistic regression analyses
| Variables | KDHS 1998 | KDHS 2003 | KDHS 2008–2009 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Per cent | n | Per cent | n | Per cent | |
| Total sample | 2125 | 100.0 | 2125 | 100.0 | 2125 | 100.0 |
| Initiation of breastfeeding | ||||||
| Within 1 h after birth | 1024 | 54.5 | 988 | 48.7 | 1156 | 54.9 |
| Later than 1 h after birth | 892 | 45.5 | 1129 | 51.3 | 948 | 45.1 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Girls | 973 | 45.3 | 802 | 37.3 | 783 | 37.2 |
| Boys | 1152 | 54.7 | 1323 | 62.7 | 1342 | 62.8 |
| Child’s place of birth | ||||||
| Health facility | 827 | 42.7 | 918 | 41.2 | 1013 | 46.1 |
| Home | 1292 | 57.3 | 1203 | 58.8 | 1106 | 53.9 |
| Mode of birth | ||||||
| Vaginal | 1780 | 92.3 | 2024 | 95.9 | 1963 | 92.6 |
| Caesarean section | 137 | 7.7 | 100 | 4.1 | 162 | 7.4 |
| Child’s size at birth | ||||||
| Large | 406 | 21.3 | 557 | 27.1 | 677 | 31.9 |
| Average | 1353 | 62.1 | 1219 | 57.3 | 1118 | 52.5 |
| Small | 353 | 16.6 | 341 | 15.6 | 307 | 15.6 |
| Province | ||||||
| Nairobi | 83 | 7.3 | 188 | 6.1 | 160 | 5.8 |
| Central | 178 | 9.3 | 277 | 10.8 | 166 | 7.2 |
| Coast | 323 | 8.0 | 285 | 9.2 | 357 | 9.8 |
| Eastern | 285 | 16.5 | 275 | 16.2 | 300 | 15.4 |
| Nyanza | 358 | 21.2 | 285 | 15.4 | 432 | 20.1 |
| Rift Valley | 617 | 25.1 | 493 | 29.1 | 414 | 30.2 |
| Western | 281 | 12.6 | 322 | 13.2 | 296 | 11.5 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 340 | 20.0 | 527 | 18.5 | 554 | 19.9 |
| Rural | 1785 | 80.0 | 1598 | 81.5 | 1571 | 80.1 |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Secondary+ | 313 | 16.0 | 303 | 12.4 | 354 | 16.4 |
| Incomplete secondary | 209 | 10.4 | 192 | 9.0 | 178 | 8.9 |
| Complete primary | 557 | 25.5 | 582 | 28.2 | 587 | 31.4 |
| Incomplete primary | 819 | 38.5 | 753 | 37.5 | 715 | 33.3 |
| No education | 227 | 9.5 | 295 | 12.9 | 291 | 10.1 |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Richest | 341 | 18.7 | 479 | 18.8 | 483 | 19.6 |
| Richer | 402 | 18.2 | 358 | 17.4 | 380 | 19.0 |
| Middle | 417 | 19.4 | 400 | 19.0 | 344 | 18.3 |
| Poorer | 468 | 20.5 | 412 | 21.1 | 392 | 20.3 |
| Poorest | 497 | 23.2 | 476 | 23.7 | 526 | 22.8 |
| Maternal occupation | ||||||
| White collar | 393 | 20.5 | 382 | 17.1 | 553 | 25.6 |
| Blue collar | 734 | 35.7 | 916 | 45.6 | 626 | 33.0 |
| Not working | 995 | 43.8 | 825 | 37.3 | 942 | 41.4 |
| Maternal literacy | ||||||
| Reads easily | 1280 | 61.3 | 1453 | 68.5 | 1383 | 69.3 |
| Reads with difficulty | 499 | 23.7 | 163 | 8.4 | 298 | 14.0 |
| Cannot read | 339 | 15.1 | 502 | 23.1 | 426 | 16.2 |
| Mother reads newspaper | ||||||
| Yes | 665 | 32.9 | 728 | 32.8 | 752 | 36.8 |
| No | 1457 | 67.1 | 1393 | 67.2 | 1368 | 63.2 |
| Mother watches television | ||||||
| Yes | 417 | 21.0 | 611 | 27.1 | 781 | 36.5 |
| No | 1690 | 79.0 | 1513 | 72.9 | 1344 | 63.5 |
| Mother listens to radio | ||||||
| Yes | 1206 | 56.6 | 1763 | 82.7 | 1735 | 85.1 |
| No | 910 | 43.4 | 362 | 17.3 | 389 | 14.9 |
Secondary+, complete secondary and/or higher education.
KDHS, Kenya Demographic and Health Survey.