Description of respondents’ characteristics
| Respondents (N=2413) | |
|---|---|
| Age in years (mean±SD) | 68.9±5.9 (range 57–84) |
| Ethnicity n (%) | |
| White | 2376 (98.7) |
| Black | 11 (0.5) |
| Asian | 7 (0.3) |
| Other | 14 (0.6) |
| Unknown | 5 (0.2) |
| Education n (%) | |
| Higher (university, professional) | 819 (33.9) |
| Some (O’ level, A’ level, clerical) | 955 (39.6) |
| None | 610 (25.3) |
| Unknown | 29 (1.2) |
| Hopelessness (mean±SD) | |
| Brief-H-Neg | 4.42±2.21 (n=2402) |
| Brief-H-Pos | 4.74±1.85 (n=2393) |
| BHS | 4.81±4.49 (n=2400) |
| Depression (mean±SD) | |
| CES-D | 12.44±10.39 (n=2395) |
BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale; CES-D, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.