Predictors of incident HCV infection stratified by sex*
| All participants | Females (n=140) | Males (n=277) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | p Value | HR | p Value | HR | p Value | |
| Female | 1.43 (1.03 to 2.00) | 0.03 | ||||
| Age | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) | <0.01 | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 0.07 | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.98) | 0.01 |
| Non-white race | 0.91 (0.61 to 1.34) | 0.62 | 1.19 (0.64 to 2.23) | 0.59 | 0.77 (0.47 to 1.27) | 0.31 |
| Age of first injection | 0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.048 | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 0.29 | 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) | 0.17 |
| Years injecting | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 0.84 | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.09) | 0.69 | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.07) | 0.67 |
| Injected every day | 2.58 (1.84 to 3.62) | <0.01 | 2.06 (1.17 to 3.66) | 0.01 | 2.86 (1.87 to 4.38) | <0.01 |
| Injected heroin | 2.71 (1.79 to 4.11) | <0.01 | 2.34 (1.14 to 4.83) | 0.02 | 2.87 (1.73 to 4.75) | <0.01 |
| Injected speed | 1.48 (1.05 to 2.08) | 0.03 | 1.12 (0.65 to 1.92) | 0.68 | 1.80 (1.13 to 2.84) | 0.01 |
| Injected cocaine | 2.32 (1.65 to 3.26) | <0.01 | 2.27 (1.34 to 3.83) | <0.01 | 2.49 (1.59 to 3.91) | <0.01 |
| Reused a syringe | 1.68 (1.11 to 2.54) | 0.01 | 1.65 (0.85 to 3.19) | 0.14 | 1.71 (1.1 to 2.91) | 0.05 |
| Reused a cooker | 2.38 (1.70 to 3.33) | <0.01 | 1.96 (1.13 to 3.43) | 0.02 | 2.47 (1.61 to 3.79) | <0.01 |
| Used a syringe previously used by another injector | 2.64 (1.88 to 3.70) | <0.01 | 2.71 (1.56 to 4.71) | <0.01 | 2.47 (1.61 to 3.79) | <0.01 |
| Used a cooker previously used by another injector | 2.38 (1.67 to 3.40) | <0.01 | 2.16 (1.31 to 3.59) | <0.01 | 2.26 (1.37 to 3.72) | <0.01 |
| Did a rinse | 2.66 (1.92 to 3.70) | <0.01 | 1.93 (1.13 to 3.28) | 0.02 | 3.22 (2.16 to 4.81) | <0.01 |
| Number of borrowing partners | ||||||
| 1 (vs 0) | 2.74 (1.84 to 4.09) | <0.01 | 3.31 (1.88 to 5.82) | <0.01 | 2.22 (1.26 to 3.91) | <0.01 |
| >1 (vs 0) | 2.54 (1.59 to 4.06) | <0.01 | 1.78 (0.73 to 4.35) | 0.2 | 2.93 (1.74 to 4.95) | <0.01 |
| Frequency of Injecting alone | ||||||
| Sometimes (vs never) | 2.20 (1.48 to 3.26) | <0.01 | 1.84 (1.03 to 3.29) | 0.04 | 2.54 (1.48 to 4.36) | <0.01 |
| Always (vs never) | 0.96 (0.50 to 1.83) | 0.9 | 1.12 (0.34 to 3.70) | 0.85 | 1.11 (0.50 to 2.45) | 0.79 |
| Frequency of pooling | ||||||
| Sometimes (vs never) | 2.53 (1.70 to 3.76) | <0.01 | 1.61 (0.78 to 3.33) | 0.2 | 2.93 (1.83 to 4.68) | <0.01 |
| Always (vs never) | 2.33 (1.40 to 3.87) | <0.01 | 2.29 (1.04 to 5.02) | 0.04 | 1.56 (0.68 to 3.61) | 0.3 |
| Number of pooling partners | ||||||
| 1 (vs 0) | 2.62 (1.66 to 4.14) | <0.01 | 1.94 (0.88 to 4.27) | 0.1 | 2.91 (1.65 to 5.12) | <0.01 |
| >1 (vs 0) | 2.50 (1.65 to 3.78) | <0.01 | 1.84 (0.87 to 3.87) | 0.11 | 2.61 (1.58 to 4.34) | <0.01 |
| Had a steady sex partner | 1.73 (1.22 to 2.46) | <0.01 | 1.73 (0.88 to 3.39) | 0.11 | 1.52 (0.96 to 2.38) | 0.07 |
| Had a steady sex partner who was also an IDU | 2.23 (1.58 to 3.14) | <0.01 | 2.55 (1.32 to 4.94) | <0.01 | 1.88 (1.20 to 2.95) | <0.01 |
*Although interactions between primary predictor variables and female sex were also modelled, none reached significance at p<0.20.
HCV, hepatitis C virus; IDU, injection drug user.