Table 1

Utilisation of eye disorder-related ambulatory medical services and urbanisation levels, and income levels in female patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and frequency-matched controls

VariableFrequency (%) or mean±SD (median, minimum–maximum)p Value
Case (n=347)Control (n=1735)
Eye disorder-related visits/all visits over the 8-year period5609/74 583 (7.5)18 914/393 105 (4.8)<0.001
Number of patients with eye disorder-related visits prior to the index date by time interval (year)
 Overall 0–8325 (93.7)1414 (81.5)<0.001
 7–8135 (38.9)559 (32.2)0.018
 6–7157 (45.3)643 (37.1)0.005
 5–6163 (47.0)695 (40.1)0.020
 4–5171 (49.3)680 (39.2)<0.001
 3–4177 (51.0)676 (39.0)<0.001
 2–3193 (55.6)744 (42.9)<0.001
 1–2190 (54.8)745 (43.0)<0.001
 0–1254 (73.2)754 (43.5)<0.001
Number of eye disorder-related visits/patient prior to the index date by time interval (year)
 7–81.11±2.60 (0, 0–26)0.92±2.36 (0, 0–24)0.177
 6–71.70±3.81 (0, 0–42)1.14±2.84 (0, 0–38)0.004
 5–61.73±3.21 (0, 0–23)1.30±2.86 (0, 0–28)0.013
 4–52.08±4.32 (0, 0–32)1.32±2.88 (0, 0–33)<0.001
 3–42.15±4.05 (1, 0–32)1.44±3.34 (0, 0–42)0.001
 2–32.08±3.72 (1, 0–25)1.56±3.36 (0, 0–37)0.009
 1–22.38±4.01 (1, 0–29)1.68±3.64 (0, 0–33)0.001
 0–13.23±4.55 (2, 0–33)1.71±3.39 (0, 0–26)<0.001
Urbanisation level of patient's residence*
 1 (most urbanised)109 (32.4)553 (32.8)0.208
 2117 (34.8)527 (31.3)
 333 (9.8)240 (14.2)
 442 (12.5)215 (12.8)
 5 (least urbanised)35 (10.4)150 (8.9)
Tertile of insured amount*
 1 (lowest)100 (29.1)614 (35.8)0.016
 2112 (32.6)568 (33.1)
 3 (highest)132 (38.4)535 (31.2)

  • *Eleven cases and 50 controls had missing information on urbanisation levels and 3 cases and 18 controls had missing information on insured amount.