Table 2

Study inclusion criteria

	Study population entry criteria		‘Shock’ criteria
Study	Age range	Severe illness		Blood pressure		Pulse rate		Capillary refill		Extremities		Peripheral pulse		Urine output		Mental status
Maitland 2011	60 days to 12 years	Severe febrile illness complicated by impaired consciousness (prostration or coma), respiratory distress (increased work of breathing) or both	and	–	or	Severe tachycardia*	or	≥3 s	or	Lower limb temperature gradient	or	Weak radial pulse volume	–	–	–	–
Oliveira 2008	Median age: 36–47 months	Sepsis was defined using the Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference22	and	<5th centile for age	or	–	or	<1 s or >3 s	or	Mottled/cool	or	Decreased	or	<1 mL/kg/h	or	Altered
Han 2003	1–131 months	Suspected infection as manifested by hyperthermia or hypothermia	and	<5th centile for age	or	–	or	>3 s	or	Mottled	or	Diminished	or	–		Decreased
Carcillo 1991	Median age 13.5 months (range 1–192 months)	Sepsis was diagnosed if the patient had a positive blood culture or if a pathological organism from a tissue site was identified	and	<2 SD below mean	+ 3 of	Tachycardia†	or	–	or	Mottled/cool	or	Decreased	or	<1 mL/kg/h‡	–	–
Santhanam 2008	1–12 months	Septic shock was defined using the Sepsis Consensus Conference criteria23	and	–	or	Tachycardia	+ 1 of	>2 s	or	Mottled/cool	or	Decreased	or	Decreased	or	Altered alertness
Carcillo 2009	Newborn to 18 years	Unclear from the information provided††	and	<5th centile for age	or	Tachycardia	or	>3 s	or	Mottled	or	–	or	–	or	Altered

*>180 bpm in children younger than 12 months of age, >160 bpm in children 1–5 years of age, or 140 bpm in children older than 5 years of age.
†Heart rate >180 bpm for patients less than 5 years of age; and >160 bpm for patients at least 5 years of age.
††No definition of sepsis provided.
‡Or less than 20 mL/h in children weighing more than 20 kg.