Associations (fixed effects) between individual and municipality contextual characteristics and UMAs
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Individual-level predictors | ||||||||||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||
| 65–69 | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref |
| 70–74 | 1.38 | (1.35 to 1.42) | 1.38 | (1.35 to 1.42) | 1.38 | (1.35 to 1.42) | 1.38 | (1.35 to 1.42) | 1.38 | (1.35 to 1.42) | 1.38 | (1.35 to 1.42) | 1.39 | (1.35 to 1.44) |
| 75–79 | 2.02 | (1.97 to 2.06) | 2.02 | (1.97 to 2.06) | 2.02 | (1.97 to 2.06) | 2.02 | (1.97 to 2.06) | 2.02 | (1.97 to 2.06) | 2.02 | (1.97 to 2.06) | 2.06 | (2.00 to 2.12) |
| 80–84 | 3.01 | (2.95 to 3.08) | 3.01 | (2.94 to 3.08) | 3.01 | (2.94 to 3.08) | 3.01 | (2.94 to 3.08) | 3.01 | (2.94 to 3.08) | 3.01 | (2.94 to 3.08) | 3.15 | (3.06 to 3.25) |
| 85+ | 4.89 | (4.79 to 5.00) | 4.89 | (4.79 to 5.00) | 4.89 | (4.79 to 5.00) | 4.89 | (4.79 to 5.00) | 4.89 | (4.79 to 5.00) | 4.89 | (4.79 to 5.00) | 5.35 | (5.19 to 5.51) |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||
| Female | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| Male | 1.29 | (1.27 to 1.30) | 1.29 | (1.27 to 1.30) | 1.29 | (1.27 to 1.30) | 1.29 | (1.27 to 1.30) | 1.29 | (1.27 to 1.30) | 1.29 | (1.27 to 1.30) | 1.29 | (1.27 to 1.30) |
| Municipality-level predictors | ||||||||||||||
| Travel time to hospital (min) | ||||||||||||||
| 0–19 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| 20–60 | 0.92 | (0.90 to 0.95) | 0.94 | (0.91 to 0.98) | 0.94 | (0.91 to 0.98) | 0.95 | (0.91 to 0.99) | 0.95 | (0.91 to 0.99) | 0.95 | (0.91 to 0.99) | ||
| 60+ | 0.87 | (0.84 to 0.90) | 0.89 | (0.85 to 0.93) | 0.89 | (0.85 to 0.93) | 0.90 | (0.86 to 0.94) | 0.90 | (0.86 to 0.95) | 0.90 | (0.86 to 0.95) | ||
| Hospital in municipality | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
| No | 1.04 | (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.04 | (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.04 | (1.00 to 1.08) | 1.04 | (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.04 | (0.99 to 1.08) | ||||
| GP | ||||||||||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||||||
| Q2 | 1.02 | (0.98 to 1.06) | 1.01 | (0.97 to 1.05) | 1.01 | (0.97 to 1.05) | ||||||||
| Q3 | 1.00 | (0.96 to 1.04) | 1.00 | (0.96 to 1.04) | 1.00 | (0.96 to 1.04) | ||||||||
| Q4 (highest) | 1.01 | (0.97 to 1.05) | 1.01 | (0.97 to 1.05) | 1.01 | (0.97 to 1.05) | ||||||||
| LTC | ||||||||||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||||||
| Q2 | 0.96 | (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.96 | (0.93 to 1.00) | 1.02 | (0.97 to 1.08) | ||||||||
| Q3 | 0.98 | (0.93 to 1.02) | 0.98 | (0.93 to 1.02) | 1.07 | (1.00 to 1.14) | ||||||||
| Q4 (highest) | 0.97 | (0.93 to 1.02) | 0.97 | (0.93 to 1.02) | 1.13 | (1.04 to 1.22) | ||||||||
| Interaction | ||||||||||||||
| LTC*age | ||||||||||||||
| Q1*65–69 | 1.00 | Ref | ||||||||||||
| Q2*70–74 | 0.98 | (0.93 to 1.04) | ||||||||||||
| Q3*70–74 | 0.98 | (0.91 to 1.05) | ||||||||||||
| Q4*70–74 | 0.98 | (0.89 to 1.07) | ||||||||||||
| Q2*75–79 | 0.95 | (0.90 to 1.01) | ||||||||||||
| Q3*75–79 | 0.96 | (0.90 to 1.04) | ||||||||||||
| Q4*75–79 | 0.90 | (0.83 to 0.99) | ||||||||||||
| Q2*80–84 | 0.94 | (0.89 to 0.99) | ||||||||||||
| Q3*80–84 | 0.89 | (0.83 to 0.96) | ||||||||||||
| Q4*80–84 | 0.81 | (0.75 to 0.89) | ||||||||||||
| Q2*85+ | 0.87 | (0.82 to 0.91) | ||||||||||||
| Q3*85+ | 0.79 | (0.74 to 0.85) | ||||||||||||
| Q4*85+ | 0.73 | (0.67 to 0.79) | ||||||||||||
ORs and 95% CIs. Men and women aged 65 years or older in Norway, 2009.
*Estimates for key exposures adjusted for just age and sex (model 1): GP Q1 (OR=1.0, 95% CI (ref)), GP Q2 (OR=1.03, 95% CI (0.99 to 1.08)), GP Q3 (OR=1.02, 95% CI (0.97 to 1.06)), GP Q4 (OR=1.01, 95% CI (0.97 to 1.06)), LTC Q1 (OR=1.0, 95% CI (ref)), LTC Q2 (OR 0.94, 95% CI (0.90 to 0.97)), LTC Q3 (OR=0.93, 95% CI (0.89 to 0.97)) and LTC Q4 (OR=0.91, 95% CI (0.86 to 0.95)).
GP, general practitioner; LTC, long-term care; UMAs, unplanned medical admissions.