Characteristics of patients in eligible studies
| CLOSURE 1 | RESPECT | PC Trial | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 909 | 980 | 414 |
| Mean age±SD | 46.0 | 45.9 | 44.5 |
| Male (%) | 51.8 | 54.7 | 49.8 |
| Smoker (%) | 22.1 | 13.3 | 23.9 |
| Medical history (%) | |||
| Diabetes | NR | 7.4 | 2.7 |
| Hypertension | 31.0 | 31.4 | 25.8 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 44.1 | 39.5 | 27.1 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1.1 | 2.9 | 1.9 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1 |
| Valvular dysfunction | 10.3 | NR | 3.1 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.2 |
| Index event (%) | |||
| Stroke | 72 | 100* | 79.2 |
| TIA | 28 | 0 | 18.1 |
| Peripheral arterial embolism | 0 | 0 | 2.7 |
| PFO characteristics (%) | |||
| Moderate or higher shunt | 52.9 | 75.2 | 65.6† |
| Atrial septal aneurysm >10 mm | 37.8‡ | 35.6 | 23.7 |
*Included patients with symptoms for less than 24 h if new neuroradiologically relevant cerebral infarct on imaging.
†369 of 414 patients with TEE.
‡151/400 patients with TEE.
NR, not reported; PFO, patent foramen ovale; TEE, transesophageal echocardiogram; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.