Table 3

Weighted proportions (%) of race, insurance status and median income stratified according to procedure-specific low-hospital and high-hospital volume*

	Low volume	High volume	p Value
Colectomy
Race			<0.001
Caucasian	58.8	62.7
African American	6.7	7.8
Hispanic	5.0	4.2
Others	3.6	4.0
Insurance status			<0.001
Private	23.6	33.5
Medicaid	4.4	2.6
Medicare	66.4	61.4
Others	5.6	2.5
Median income			<0.001
<$25 000	22.7	13.4
$25 000–$34 999	34.3	19.5
$35 000–$44 999	24.4	24.5
≥$45 000	15.9	40.8
Cystectomy
Race			<0.001
Caucasian	64.5	69.6
African American	3.9	2.6
Hispanic	3.4	3.7
Others	2.9	3.8
Insurance status			<0.001
Private	26.9	35.6
Medicaid	4.3	3.3
Medicare	64.8	56.5
Others	4.0	4.6
Median income			<0.001
<$25 000	13.6	17.7
$25 000–$34 999	26.5	27.9
$35 000–$44 999	27.8	24.3
≥$45 000	29.8	28.0
Oesophagectomy
Race			<0.001
Caucasian	56.5	72.2
African American	8.4	1.1
Hispanic	3.8	4.5
Others	4.2	3.0
Insurance status			0.010
Private	42.8	47.9
Medicaid	8.3	4.2
Medicare	43.5	44.7
Others	5.5	3.2
Median income			0.032
<$25 000	18.3	14.2
$25 000–$34 999	25.3	23.2
$35 000–$44 999	26.6	27.0
≥$45 000	28.5	31.9
Gastrectomy
Race			<0.001
Caucasian	46.8	50.2
African American	11.7	9.3
Hispanic	9.5	9.5
Others	5.8	15.3
Insurance status			<0.001
Private	25.3	38.8
Medicaid	6.4	8.1
Medicare	62.4	47.6
Others	5.8	5.4
Median income			<0.001
<$25 000	20.3	18.7
$25 000–$34 999	30.7	19.0
$35 000–$44 999	25.4	19.6
≥$45 000	21.4	40.5
Hysterectomy
Race			<0.001
Caucasian	59.6	63.7
African American	4.4	4.4
Hispanic	4.8	2.2
Others	3.7	3.4
Insurance status			<0.001
Private	44.2	54.2
Medicaid	5.1	3.8
Medicare	44.4	38.6
Others	6.3	3.4
Median income			<0.001
<$25 000	15.0	10.9
$25 000–$34 999	30.5	18.3
$35 000–$44 999	26.8	25.7
≥$45 000	25.4	43.5
Lung resection
Race			<0.001
Caucasian	60.9	72.7
African American	6.6	4.2
Hispanic	3.8	1.6
Others	3.7	2.7
Insurance status			<0.001
Private	30.7	38.0
Medicaid	5.7	3.6
Medicare	58.9	55.5
Others	4.7	2.9
Median income			<0.001
<$25 000	16.6	15.6
$25 000–$34 999	27.9	21.1
$35 000–$44 999	25.7	23.0
≥$45 000	27.7	38.0
Pancreatectomy
Race			<0.001
Caucasian	56.0	65.6
African American	8.4	4.1
Hispanic	6.1	5.4
Others	4.5	2.7
Insurance status			<0.001
Private	36.2	42.4
Medicaid	5.8	4.2
Medicare	52.9	49.1
Others	5.1	4.3
Median income			<0.001
<$25 000	15.3	17.7
$25 000–$34 999	24.9	24.0
$35 000–$44 999	26.8	23.1
≥$45 000	30.8	31.4
Prostatectomy
Race			<0.001
Caucasian	56.5	62.4
African American	9.1	7.1
Hispanic	5.2	3.3
Others	3.6	3.7
Insurance status			<0.001
Private	57.7	70.5
Medicaid	2.5	1.3
Medicare	33.9	25.2
Others	5.9	3.0
Median income			<0.001
<$25 000	15.7	10.8
$25 000–$34 999	27.2	17.7
$35 000–$44 999	26.2	22.6
≥$45 000	28.1	45.8

*Percentages may not sum to 100 because unknown race and ZIP code median income are not listed.