Table 3

Adjusted HRs for risk of progressing to dialysis, death and death or dialysis for patients with chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5 (conditioned on index year; n=3040)

	Adjusted HR (95% CI)
	Dialysis	Death	Death or dialysis
eGFR*<15	3.98 (3.47 to 4.56) p<0.001	1.62 (1.37 to 1.92) p<0.001	2.75 (2.48 to 3.04) p<0.001
eGFR* 15–29 (reference)	1.0	1.0	1.0
Demography
Male	1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) p=0.06	1.15 (0.98 to 1.34) p=0.08	1.14 (1.03 to 1.25) p=0.01
Female (reference)	1.0	1.0	1.0
Age (years)
18–49	1.29 (1.07 to 1.56) p=0.009	0.31 (0.15 to 0.65) p=0.002	1.19 (0.99 to 1.42) p=0.06
50–59 (reference)	1.0	1.0	1.0
60–69	0.98 (0.81 to 1.18) p=0.84	2.36 (1.65 to 3.39) p<0.001	1.16 (0.99 to 1.36) p=0.07
≥70	0.73 (0.60 to 0.88) p=0.001	3.42 (2.43 to 4.80) p<0.001	1.17 (1.00 to 1.37) p=0.05
Education level (years)
≤9	1.12 (0.93 to 1.35) p=0.2	1.43 (1.08 to 1.90) p=0.01	1.21 (1.04 to 1.41) p=0.01
10–12	1.09 (0.92 to 1.30) p=0.3	1.24 (0.93 to 1.64) p=0.1	1.15 (0.99 to 1.33) p=0.06
>12 (reference)	1.0	1.0	1.0
Comorbidity
Diabetes	1.31 (1.15 to 1.49) p<0.001	1.26 (1.08 to 1.46) p=0.003	1.30 (1.18 to 1.43) p<0.001
Circulatory disease	1.15 (0.99 to 1.33) p=0.06	1.59 (1.27 to 2.00) p<0.001	1.23 (1.09 to 1.39) p=0.001
Malignancy	1.03 (0.88 to 1.21) p=0.69	1.50 (1.29 to 1.75) p<0.001	1.24 (1.11 to 1.38) p<0.001
Events	1075	766	1841
Person-years†	6553	6553	6553

*Estimated glomerular filtration rate (using the MDRD formula; mL/min/1.73 m²).
†Patients censored at time of death, transition to another health state or end of follow-up, whichever came first. Failures in chronic kidney disease include only deaths occurring while patients are in the chronic kidney disease health state, not deaths occurring after switching to renal replacement therapy.
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease.