General characteristics among study children between 1996 and 2006 in Taiwan
| 1996 | 2006 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SE* | 85th | 90th | 95th | Mean±SE* | 85th | 90th | 95th | p Value† | |
| Boys | (n=676) | (n=585) | |||||||
| Age (years) | 12.9±0.03 | NA | NA | NA | 12.9±0.03 | NA | NA | NA | |
| Height (cm) | 161.9±0.3 | 170.0 | 171.5 | 174.5 | 163.5±0.3 | 172.5 | 174.0 | 176.7 | 0.230 |
| Weight (kg) | 55.5±0.4 | 67.5 | 71.5 | 78.0 | 58.0±0.5 | 73.0 | 76.8 | 82.5 | 0.006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.1±0.1 | 25.2 | 26.5 | 28.7 | 21.6±0.2 | 26.4 | 27.3 | 29.3 | 0.013 |
| Waist (cm) | 68.3±0.3 | 77.2 | 80.8 | 86.6 | 73.5±0.4 | 85.0 | 88.0 | 92.0 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 113.9±0.5 | 127.0 | 130.5 | 135.0 | 117.8±0.5 | 131.0 | 134.5 | 141.5 | 0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 67.6±0.4 | 77.0 | 80.0 | 83.0 | 69.0±0.4 | 79.0 | 81.5 | 86.5 | 0.093 |
| Chol (mg/dL) | 151.6±1.1 | 179.0 | 186.0 | 200.0 | 164.1±1.2 | 192.0 | 202.0 | 213.0 | <0.001 |
| TGs (mg/dL) | 70.4±1.3 | 99.0 | 113.0 | 134.0 | 70.9±1.4 | 101.0 | 118.0 | 145.0 | 0.464 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 53.7±0.5 | 67.0 | 70.0 | 77.0 | 47.3±0.5 | 59.0 | 62.0 | 66.0 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 93.4±0.3 | 101.0 | 103.0 | 106.0 | 93.6±0.3 | 100.0 | 102.0 | 105.0 | 0.556 |
| LDL | 93.9±1.1 | 118.56 | 126.83 | 140.50 | 93.00±1.08 | 117.00 | 126.00 | 140.00 | 0.711 |
| Non-HDL | 97.9±1.1 | 123.00 | 131.00 | 145.00 | 116.80±1.13 | 141.00 | 150.00 | 164.00 | <0.001 |
| Chol/HDL | 2.97±0.03 | 3.66 | 4.05 | 4.63 | 3.61±0.03 | 4.49 | 4.80 | 5.25 | <0.001 |
| TGs/HDL | 1.44±0.04 | 2.15 | 2.44 | 3.23 | 1.66±0.04 | 2.49 | 2.94 | 4.03 | 0.002 |
| Girls | (n=677) | (n=618) | |||||||
| Age (years) | 13.0±0.03 | NA | NA | NA | 12.9±0.03 | NA | NA | NA | |
| Height (cm) | 156.3±0.3 | 162.0 | 163.5 | 165.0 | 156.9±0.3 | 162.5 | 163.5 | 166.0 | 0.379 |
| Weight (kg) | 50.8±0.4 | 59.0 | 62.5 | 69.5 | 50.6±0.5 | 59.6 | 64.1 | 69.4 | 0.027 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.7±0.1 | 24.0 | 25.2 | 27.4 | 20.5±0.2 | 24.0 | 25.2 | 27.6 | 0.005 |
| Waist (cm) | 63.2±0.3 | 68.6 | 72.3 | 76.9 | 69.2±0.4 | 77.5 | 80.5 | 85.0 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 104.4±0.5 | 117.0 | 120.0 | 126.0 | 111.2±0.5 | 124.0 | 127.5 | 133.0 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 67.7±0.4 | 77.5 | 80.0 | 84.0 | 69.7±0.4 | 79.0 | 81.5 | 87.0 | <0.001 |
| Chol (mg/dL) | 161.5±1.1 | 187.0 | 195.0 | 209.0 | 174.5±1.2 | 204.0 | 212.0 | 227.0 | <0.001 |
| TGs (mg/dL) | 77.2±1.3 | 107.0 | 118.0 | 140.0 | 72.1±1.4 | 102.0 | 117.0 | 131.0 | 0.003 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 55.1±0.5 | 68.0 | 71.0 | 76.0 | 51.5±0.5 | 63.0 | 66.0 | 70.0 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 91.6±0.3 | 99.0 | 101.0 | 104.0 | 91.6±0.3 | 99.0 | 101.0 | 103.0 | 0.757 |
| LDL | 102.1±1.1 | 129.17 | 134.78 | 145.78 | 97.02±1.05 | 125.00 | 131.00 | 143.00 | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL | 106.4±1.1 | 133.00 | 140.00 | 151.00 | 122.95±1.10 | 148.00 | 159.00 | 172.00 | <0.001 |
| Chol/HDL | 3.04±0.03 | 3.85 | 4.00 | 4.35 | 3.49±0.03 | 4.14 | 4.42 | 4.85 | <0.001 |
| TGs/HDL | 1.51±0.04 | 2.21 | 2.56 | 3.02 | 1.51±0.04 | 2.28 | 2.59 | 3.28 | 0.739 |
*Age-adjusted mean±SE.
†p Value when compared with the same gender group for 1996 and 2006 using GLM after adjusting for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and puberty status.
BMI, body mass index; Chol, total cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GLM, general linear model; HDL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TGs, triglycerides.