ORs for CHD occurrence by genetic risk score and, alternatively, the indicated conventional cardiovascular risk factors in the Greek-EPIC cohort (CHD cases: n=477; controls: n=1271)*
| 1st (reference) GRS: lower risk ConvRF: lower risk | 2nd GRS: lower risk ConvRF: higher risk | 3rd GRS: higher risk ConvRF: lower risk | 4th GRS: higher risk ConvRF: higher risk | Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | OR (95% CI) | N | OR (95% CI) | N | OR (95% CI) | N | Estimate (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Smoking status (lower risk: never/former smokers higher risk: current smokers) | 630 | 1.75 (1.22 to 2.49) | 223 | 1.49 (1.15 to 1.92) | 664 | 1.70 (1.19 to 2.41) | 231 | –0.54 (–1.31 to 0.24) | 0.18 |
| Hypertension (lower risk: no; higher risk: yes) | 318 | 2.07 (1.45 to 2.94) | 535 | 1.21 (0.81 to 1.80) | 305 | 2.72 (1.92 to 3.83) | 590 | 0.44 (–0.27 to 1.16) | 0.22 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (lower risk: no; higher risk: yes) | 740 | 3.72 (2.45 to 5.63) | 113 | 1.34 (1.05 to 1.71) | 765 | 4.13 (2.79 to 6.12) | 130 | 0.07 (–1.94 to 2.07) | 0.95 |
| Physical activity (lower risk: ≥sex-specific median; higher risk: <sex-specific median) | 425 | 1.36 (0.99 to 1.88) | 428 | 1.25 (0.92 to 1.71) | 451 | 1.86 (1.36 to 2.54) | 444 | 0.25 (–0.32 to 0.81) | 0.39 |
| Energy intake (lower risk: ≥sex-specific median; higher risk: <sex-specific median) | 439 | 1.47 (1.07 to 2.03) | 414 | 1.43 (1.05 to 1.94) | 436 | 1.75 (1.29 to 2.39) | 459 | –0.14 (–0.76 to 0.47) | 0.65 |
| MedDiet score (lower risk: ≥4.0; higher risk: <4.0) | 574 | 1.03 (0.73 to 1.43) | 279 | 1.24 (0.95 to 1.60) | 616 | 1.51 (1.10 to 2.08) | 279 | 0.25 (–0.29 to 0.79) | 0.36 |
| Body mass index (lower risk: <25 kg/m2; higher risk: ≥25 kg/m2) | 143 | 1.56 (0.99 to 2.46) | 710 | 1.47 (0.84 to 2.56) | 152 | 2.01 (1.28 to 3.15) | 743 | –0.02 (–0.82 to 0.78) | 0.96 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio (lower risk: <sex-specific median; higher risk: ≥sex-specific median) | 433 | 1.40 (1.02 to 1.93) | 420 | 1.25 (0.92 to 1.71) | 439 | 1.88 (1.39 to 2.55) | 456 | 0.23 (–0.35 to 0.80) | 0.44 |
*Association tested with unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Statistically significant results (p≤0.05) are in italic fonts.
CHD, coronary heart disease; ConvRF, conventional cardiovascular risk factor; EPIC, European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition; GRS, genetic risk score; MedDiet, Mediterranean diet.