Characteristics of the patients before randomisation
| Controls (n=93) | CPFA (n=91) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sex (male), n (%) | 65 (69.9) | 56 (61.5) |
| Age (years), n (%) | ||
| Overall, mean [SD] | 64.9 [13.3] | 63.6 [14.4] |
| 17–45 | 10 (10.8) | 9 (9.9) |
| 46–65 | 34 (36.6) | 35 (38.5) |
| 66–75 | 23 (24.7) | 27 (29.7) |
| >75 | 26 (28.0) | 20 (22.0) |
| BMI (%) | ||
| Underweight | 5 (5.4) | 2 (2.2) |
| Normal weight | 34 (36.6) | 27 (29.7) |
| Overweight | 24 (25.8) | 31 (34.1) |
| Obese | 30 (32.3) | 31 (34.1) |
| Length of stay before ICU admission (days), mean [SD] | 6.5 [13.8] | 6.2 [11.8] |
| Source of admission, n (%) | ||
| Emergency room | 16 (17.2) | 31 (34.1) |
| Surgical ward | 43 (46.2) | 31 (34.1) |
| Medical ward | 29 (31.2) | 27 (29.7) |
| Other ICU | 5 (5.4) | 2 (2.2) |
| Surgical status, n (%) | ||
| Not surgical | 43 (46.2) | 54 (59.3) |
| Elective surgical | 8 (8.6) | 6 (6.6) |
| Emergency surgical | 42 (45.2) | 31 (34.1) |
| Trauma, n (%) | 6 (6.5) | 5 (5.5) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||
| None | 12 (12.9) | 18 (19.8) |
| Mary Charlson Index, median [Q1–Q3] | 2 [0–3] | 1 [0–2] |
| Reason for admission, n (%) | ||
| Monitoring/weaning | 7 (7.5) | 7 (7.7) |
| Respiratory failures | 80 (86.0) | 69 (75.8) |
| Cardiovascular failures | 50 (53.8) | 58 (63.7) |
| Neurological failures | 12 (12.9) | 9 (9.9) |
| Renal failure | 24 (25.8) | 33 (36.3) |
| Multiple organ failures | 59 (63.4) | 65 (71.4) |
| Top 3 non-infectious diseases on admission, n (%) | ||
| Metabolic disorder | 23 (24.7) | 25 (27.5) |
| Gastrointestinal perforation | 16 (17.2) | 15 (16.5) |
| ALI | 16 (17.2) | 14 (15.4) |
| SAPS II on admission, median [Q1–Q3] | 53 [43–67] | 51 [42–65] |
| SOFA at randomisation, median [Q1–Q3] | 9 [8–11] | 9 [8–11] |
| RIFLE at randomisation, n (%) | ||
| No risk | 51 (54.8) | 29 (31.9) |
| Risk | 16 (17.2) | 22 (24.2) |
| Injury | 10 (10.8) | 21 (23.1) |
| Failure | 16 (17.2) | 19 (20.9) |
| Septic shock on admission, n (%) | ||
| Missing | 39 (42.4) | 43 (47.8) |
| 1 | 1 | |
| Site of infection, n (%) | ||
| Pneumonia | 25 (26.9) | 30 (33.0) |
| Peritonitis | 28 (30.1) | 25 (27.5) |
| Primary bacteraemia | 1 (1.1) | 8 (8.8) |
| Colecistitis/colangitis | 5 (4.3) | 3 (3.3) |
| Urinary tract infection | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.2) |
| Other | 23 (24.7) | 19 (20.9) |
| Multisite | 10 (10.8) | 4 (4.4) |
| Top five microorganisms isolated, n (%) | ||
| Non-ESBL producing Escherichia coli | 13 (13.7) | 14 (15.9) |
| Candida albicans | 4 (4.2) | 6 (6.8) |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | 10 (10.5) | 4 (4.5) |
| Penicillin sensitive Pneumococcus | 2 (2.1) | 4 (4.5) |
| Ampicillin-resistant vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis | 3 (3.2) | 3 (3.4) |
| Gram-positive bacteria | 25 (26.3) | 27 (30.7) |
| Gram-negative bacteria | 29 (30.5) | 27 (30.7) |
Q1–Q3=first and third quartiles; underweight=for male, BMI<20, for woman, BMI<19; normal weight=for man, BMI 20–25, for woman, BMI 19–24; overweight=for male, BMI 25–30, for female, BMI 24–29; obese=for male, BMI>30, for female, BMI>29; respiratory failure=need of ventilatory support to maintain gas exchange; cardiovascular failure=need of vasoactive drugs to provide sufficient pump action; neurological failures (GCS≤8); Renal failure=RIFLE score: injury or higher.
ALI, acute lung injury; BMI, body mass index; CPFA, coupled plasma filtration adsorption; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICU, intensive care unit; RIFLE, Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function and End-stage kidney disease; SAPS, simplified acute physiology score; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.