Table 3

Multivariable linear regression for association of examination year 5 (baseline) modifiable risk factors with left atrial size over a 20-year follow-up period (n=2903)

Variable	Unindexed LAD (cm) (R²=0.29)		LAD/BSA (cm/m²) (R²=0.22)		LAD/height (cm/m) (R²=0.26)
Variable	Coefficient	p Value	Coefficient	p Value	Coefficient	p Value
Diabetes at baseline	0.231	0.029	0.119	0.030	0.142	0.024
BMI (5 kg/m²)	0.108	<0.0001	−0.037	<0.0001	0.065	<0.0001
SBP (10 mm Hg)	0.020	0.011	0.010	0.016	0.009	0.061
HR (10 bpm)	−0.019	0.029	−0.005	0.257	−0.010	0.042
Current smoker	0.018	0.350	0.005	0.583	0.015	0.181
Using medication for HTN	−0.041	0.539	0.011	0.741	−0.024	0.549
Alcohol consumption (20 mL/day)	−0.010	0.188	0.004	0.319	−0.004	0.370
Physical activity score (300 u)	0.005	0.564	0.004	0.356	−0.001	0.846

Models adjusted for age at baseline, ethnicity, gender and left atrial size at baseline. Left atrial size at baseline refers to unindexed LAD, LAD/BSA or LAD/height, according to the endpoint in the regression model.
BMI, body-mass index; BSA, body surface area; HR, heart rate; HTN, hypertension; LAD, left atrial dimension; SBP, systolic blood pressure.