All participants (n=763) | HIV-positive participants (n=551) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | HIV negative (n=212) | HIV positive (n=551) | p Value | CD4 >350 (n=143) | CD4 200–350 (n=195) | CD4 <200 (n=213) | p Value |
Age (years)* | 42.4±10.5 | 34.8±6.9 | <0.001 | 34.1±6.9 | 35.3±6.5 | 34.8±7.1 | <0.001 |
Menopause (yes vs no) | 42 (21.8) | 29 (5.6) | <0.001 | 9 (6.6) | 9 (5.1) | 11 (5.6) | <0.001 |
WHO class 4 (yes vs no) | 13 (6.1) | 170 (30.8) | <0.001 | 33 (23.1) | 60 (30.7) | 77 (36.1) | <0.001 |
Waist–hip ratio* | 0.88±0.07 | 0.88±0.07 | 0.99 | 0.88±0.07 | 0.89±0.08 | 0.87±0.08 | 0.21 |
Body mass index* (kg/m2) | 21.3±3.7 | 21.6±3.8 | 0.36 | 21.9±3.8 | 22.01±4.1 | 20.9±3.6 | 0.37 |
Fat mass index* (kg/m2) | 3.8±3.10 | 4.3±3.2 | 0.06 | 4.1±3.2 | 4.6±3.3 | 4.1±3.1 | 0.60 |
Fat-free mass Index* (kg/m2) | 17.36±0.1 | 17.3±0.07 | 0.69 | 17.4±1.4 | 17.4±1.6 | 17.1±1.5 | 0.21 |
CD4* (cells/µL) | NA | 275±175 | 510±150 | 269±40 | 123±50 | <0.001 | |
Glucose* (mg/dL) | 81.8±18.9 | 77.5±19.8 | <0.001 | 81.1±34.5 | 77.1±9.1 | 75.5±10.8 | <0.001 |
Insulin† (µU/mL) | 4.29 (2.2–7.7) | 3.45 (1.6–6.2) | 0.005 | 4.1 (2.2–7.2) | 3.6 (1.8–6.5) | 2.84 (1.4–10.2) | 0.01 |
HOMA score† | 0.83 (0.4–1.5) | 0.66 (0.3–1.2) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.4–1.5) | 0.65 (0.3–1.3) | 0.52 (0.2–1) | <0.001 |
Log HOMA score* | −0.09±0.4 | −0.19±0.4 | <0.001 | −0.11±0.4 | −0.17±0.4 | −0.25±0.4 | <0.001 |
Categorical variables are presented as frequency (percentage).
*Normally distributed variables are presented as mean±SD.
†Not normally distributed variables are presented as median (IQR).
HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment.