Baseline anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the study population by country of birth
| Covariate | Iraq (n=73) | Sweden (n=62) | p Value | Adjusted p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (female/male)† | 48/52 | 45/55 | 0.75 | 0.63 |
| Age (years)‡ | 54 (5.9) | 57 (5.4) | 0.01 | 0.002 |
| BMI (kg/m2)‡ | 29 (4.1) | 27 (4.4) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Waist circumference (cm)ठ| 98 (12) | 97 (12) | 0.87 | 0.54 |
| Sedentary lifestyle (yes/no)† | 71/29 | 57/43 | 0.10 | 0.20 |
| Family history (yes/no)† | 59/41 | 25/75 | 0.0002 | 0.004 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg)‡ | 129 (19) | 141 (22) | 0.0008 | 0.004 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg)‡ | 81 (12) | 88 (12) | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| ISI¶ | 84 (56) | 104 (77) | 0.04 | 0.51 |
| Normoglycaemia\IFG or IGT\T2D† | 64/30/5 | 65/31/5 | 0.99 | 0.89 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)‡ | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.8 (0.9) | 0.43 | 0.53 |
| 2 h Glucose (mmol/L)‡ | 7.1 (2.8) | 6 (2.6) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Serum insulin (pmol/L)† | 8 (5) | 7 (4) | 0.22 | 0.79 |
| HbA1c (%)‡** | 4.9 (0.6) | 4.9 (0.8) | 0.95 | 0.63 |
| LDL (mmol/L)‡ | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.7 (1.0) | 0.36 | 0.61 |
| HDL (mmol/L)‡ | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.5) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)¶ | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.1) | 0.02 | 0.24 |
| C-peptide (mmol/L)¶ | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.65 | 0.08 |
| C reactive protein (mg/L)‡ | 3.6 (2.9) | 3.4 (2.7) | 0.71 | 0.74 |
*Adjusted for sex, age and BMI.
†Sex, sedentary lifestyle, hyperglycaemia and family history are presented as percentages.
‡Age, BMI, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic BP, waist circumference, C reactive protein, fasting glucose and 2 h glucose are presented as the mean and SD.
§Adjusted for sex and age.
¶ISI, triglycerides and C-peptide are presented as the median and IQR.
**HbA1c is presented as mean in IFCC units (NGSP units).
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c; glycated haemoglobin; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; T2D, type 2 diabetes.