Table 3

Multivariate linear regression of the whole study population with logarithmic insulin sensitivity index as the dependent variable and cytokine level as the exposure

Cytokines†	Unadjusted			Adjusted*
Cytokines†	β	p Value	95% CI	β	p Value	95% CI
IL-1β	−0.24	<0.01	−0.39 to −0.08	−0.23	0.01	−0.39 to −0.07
IL-2	−0.04	<0.01	−0.07 to −0.01	−0.04	<0.01	−0.07 to −0.02
IL-4	−0.30	<0.01	−0.50 to −0.11	−0.27	0.01	−0.48 to −0.06
IL-5	−0.16	0.02	−0.30 to −0.02	−0.20	0.01	−0.35 to −0.06
IL-6	−0.27	0.01	−0.46 to −0.08	−0.26	0.01	−0.45 to −0.07
IL-10	−0.03	0.01	−0.05 to −0.01	−0.03	<0.01	−0.05 to −0.01
IL-12 (p70)	−0.21	0.07	−0.44 to 0.02	−0.28	0.02	−0.51 to −0.04
IL-13	−0.14	<0.01	−0.22 to −0.05	−0.12	0.01	−0.21 to −0.03
IFN-γ	−0.21	0.03	−0.41 to −0.02	−0.20	0.05	−0.40 to 0.00
TNF-α	−0.32	0.05	−0.65 to 0.00	−0.41	0.03	−0.77 to −0.04

*IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were used untransformed; IL-5, IL-12 (p70), IFN-γ and TNF-α were ln-transformed; and IL-6 was dichotomised into below (<0.44 pg/mL) and above (≥0.44) detection limits.
†Covariates in the models: age, sex, BMI, sedentary lifestyle and family history.
BMI, body mass index; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α.