Percentage change in standardised risk ratios or a standardised ratio of means in 2004 relative to 1999, by ethnic group and sex (respondents aged 16 and over, except in the case of triglycerides for which the only data were for those aged 35 and over). *A positive number denotes an increase in the age-adjusted risk factor level relative to the general population. An asterisk indicates the 95% CI excluded 0 (NA, not available). A + or − sign denotes a 5% change in the risk factor for the worse or better, respectively.
| Irish | Chinese | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||||||||||||||
| Smoking | −9% | − | 31% | + | 0% | 20% | + | −9% | − | −19% | − | |||||||
| Physical activity† | −8% | − | −19% | – | 13% | + | 9% | + | −5% | − | 9% | + | ||||||
| Total cholesterol | 0% | 1% | −2% | 4% | 1% | −1% | ||||||||||||
| HDL cholesterol | 1% | 4% | 7% | * | + | 2% | −1% | 11% | * | + | ||||||||
| Triglycerides | −28% | * | − | 2% | −19% | − | 6% | + | NA | −16% | − | |||||||
| WHR≥0.95 | −17% | − | −13% | − | −22% | − | −5% | − | 1% | 18% | + | |||||||
| Obesity (% with BMI>30) | 3% | −32% | − | −9% | − | 3% | −31% | − | 1% | |||||||||
| Systolic BP | 1% | −1% | −3% | * | −1% | 0% | 2% | |||||||||||
| Diastolic BP | −2% | 0% | −1% | 2% | −1% | 2% | ||||||||||||
| Diabetes | −50% | − | −10% | − | −4% | −50% | * | − | −33% | − | −18% | − | ||||||
| Number of risk factors where change in inequality was for | ||||||||||||||||||
| Worse | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Better | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| No change | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Women (%) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Smoking | −4 | 3 | + | 21 | + | 36 | + | 57 | + | 27 | * | + | ||||||
| Physical activity | 6 | + | 20 | −21 | − | 27 | * | + | 9 | + | 3 | |||||||
| Total cholesterol | −2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| HDL cholesterol | 5 | + | −5 | − | 5 | * | + | 5 | + | 5 | + | 6 | * | + | ||||
| Triglycerides | −22 | * | − | −33 | * | − | −15 | − | NA | NA | −8 | − | ||||||
| WHR≥0.85 | −7 | − | −44 | * | − | −34 | * | − | −37 | * | − | −37 | * | − | −32 | * | − | |
| Obesity (% with BMI>30) | −15 | − | 60 | + | −13 | − | −8 | − | 41 | + | −11 | − | ||||||
| Systolic BP | 0 | −1 | −1 | −3 | * | − | 2 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Diastolic BP | 0 | −3 | * | − | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Diabetes | −18 | − | −18 | − | −15 | − | −5 | − | −45 | − | −28 | − | ||||||
| Number of risk factors where change in inequality was for | ||||||||||||||||||
| Worse | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Better | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| No change | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; WHR, waist to hip ratio.
†Physical activity: meets physical activity recommendations of at least moderate activity for at least 30 min on at least 5 days/week.