Prevalence of patients’ characteristics according to HbA1c ≥8%
| HbA1c <8% | HbA1c ≥8% | PR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted PR (95% CI)* | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=2791 | N=2959 | |||||
| Age (years) | 62±11 | 60±10 | 0.991 (0.989 to 0.993) | 0.000 | 0.986 (0.983 to 0.989) | 0.000 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 9±8 | 12±8 | 1.018 (1.015 to 1.021) | 0.000 | 1.015 (1.012 to 1.018) | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0±5.1 | 28. 0±5.4 | 0.999 (0.994 to 1.004) | 0.640 | – | – |
| Females | 1824 (65) | 1972 (67) | 0.972 (0.922 to 1.026) | 0.304 | – | – |
| White | 1339 (48) | 1199 (40) | 0.862 (0.818 to 0.907) | 0.000 | 0.931 (0.883 to 0.981) | 0.007 |
| Living with a partner | 1613 (58) | 1762 (59) | 1.035 (0.983 to 1.089) | 0.189 | 1.006 (0.959 to 1.057) | 0.796 |
| ≥8 years of formal education | 933 (41) | 967 (48) | 0.987 (0.932 to 1.044) | 0.646 | – | – |
| Active worker | 527 (19) | 609 (21) | 0.949 (0.893 to 1.009) | 0.094 | 1.053 (0.989 to 1.212) | 0.109 |
| Ever participate in a diabetes education program† | 318 (11) | 387 (13) | 0.929 (0.865 to 0.999) | 0.047 | – | – |
| Diabetes treatment | 0.000 | – | – | |||
| None | 48 (2) | 23 (1) | 0.522 (0.346 to 0.786) | |||
| Diet only | 285 (10) | 58 (2) | 1.302 (0.928 to 1.827) | |||
| Oral agents | 1905 (69) | 1390 (47) | 2.300 (1.641 to 3.224) | |||
| Oral agents and insulin | 318 (11) | 930 (32) | 2.176 (1.551 to 3.055) | |||
| Insulin alone | 228 (8) | 545 (18) | ||||
| Insulin use | 546 (20) | 1475 (50) | 1.834 (1.749 to 1.924) | 0.000 | 1.710 (1.624 to 1.802) | 0.000 |
| SBGM | 1838 (66) | 2158 (73) | 1.186 (1.118 to 1.1258) | 0.000 | 1.061 (1.001 to 1.1.23) | 0.045 |
| Geographic region | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
| North | 135 (5) | 177 (6) | 1.225 (1.073 to 1.399) | 1.137 (0.996 to 1.298) | ||
| Northeast | 814 (29) | 1092 (50) | 1.212 (1.212 to 1.365) | 1.197 (1.085 to 1.321) | ||
| Midwest | 194 (7) | 154 (5) | 0.956 (0.842 to 1.109) | 0.858 (0.745 to 0.989) | ||
| Southeast | 1357 (49) | 1285 (43) | 1.050 (0.951 to 1.159) | 0.959 (0.871 to 1.056) | ||
| South | 291 (10) | 251 (8) |
*Poisson regression adjusted for: age, diabetes duration, ethnicity, living with partner, working status, insulin use, SBGM and geographic region.
†Data not available for North region (not included in the adjusted analysis).
BMI, body mass index; PR, prevalence ratio; SBGM, self-blood glucose monitoring.