Characteristics of trials
| Study, year (reference) | Country of origin | Intervention (dose) | Number of patients | Follow-up (mean/median year) | HCC screening (yes/no) | Outcomes reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomised controlled trials | ||||||
| Anderson et al, 198735 | England | IFN (2.5–7.5 MU/m2/d) | I 14 C 16 | I 1.0 C 1.0 | No | Overall mortality |
| Chan et al, 200739 | China | Lamivudine (100 mg/d) | I 89 C 47 | I 2.5 C 2.5 | No | HCC incidence |
| Farci et al, 200443 | Italy | IFN (3–9 MU/×3w) | I 28 C 10 | I 10.8 C 10.8 | No | Overall mortality |
| Krogsgaard, 199828 | Europe | IFN (1.5–18 MU/×3w) | I 210 C 98 | I 1.3 C 1.3 | No | HCC incidence and mortality |
| Liaw et al, 200427 | Asia | Lamivudine (100 mg/d) | I 436 C 215 | I 2.7 C 2.7 | Yes | HCC incidence Overall mortality |
| Mazzella et al, 199953 | Italy | IFN (648 MU total) | I 33 C 31 | I 7.2 C 6.6 | No | HCC incidence and mortality |
| Robson et al, 199256 | South Africa | IFN (10 MU/×3w) | I 10 C 10 | I 1.4 C 1.4 | No | Overall and HCC mortality |
| Waked et al, 199062 | Egypt | IFN (5 MU/m2/×3w–5 MU/m2/d) | I 20 C 20 | I 1.3 C 1.3 | No | Overall and HCC mortality |
| Prospective cohorts | ||||||
| Benvegnu et al, 199836 | Italy | IFN (5–10 MU/×3w) | I 13 C 24 | I 6.0 C 6.0 | Yes | HCC incidence Overall mortality |
| Brunetto et al, 200238 | Italy | IFN (9 MU/×3w) | I 103 C 61 | I 6.0 C 6.0 | Yes | Overall mortality |
| Chan et al, 201240 Wong et al, 201063 | China | Nucleos(t)ides IFN (NS) | I 158 C 1271 | I 10.1 C 10.1 | Yes | HCC incidence, overall and HCC mortality |
| Di Marco et al, 199942 | Italy | IFN (NS) | I 109 C 193 | I 7.8 C 7.8 | Yes | Overall mortality |
| Ma et al, 200849 | China | Nucleos(t)ides (NS) | I 41 C 176 | I 2.9 C 2.9 | Yes | Overall mortality |
| Mazzella et al, 199652 | Italy | IFN (10 MU/×3w) | I 34 C 28 | I 4.1 C 4.0 | Yes | HCC incidence |
| Papatheodoridis et al, 200155 | Greece | IFN (3 MU/×3w) | I 209 C 152 | I 6.0 C 6.1 | Yes | HCC incidence, overall and HCC mortality |
| Tong et al, 200659 | USA | IFN (NS) | I 22 C 378 | I 7.0 C 7.0 | Yes | HCC incidence, overall and HCC mortality |
| Case–control series | ||||||
| Bolukbas et al, 200637 | Turkey | Lamivudine (100 mg/d) | I 23 C 15 | I 1.5 C 2.0 | Yes | Overall and HCC mortality |
| Das et al, 201041 | India | Lamivudine Adefovir (NS) | I 151 C 102 | I 4.0 C 3.8 | Yes | HCC incidence, overall and HCC mortality |
| Fattovich et al, 199744 | Europe | IFN (36 MU to >300 MU total) | I 40 C 50 | I 6.2 C 6.2 | No | HCC incidence, overall and HCC mortality |
| IIHCSG, 199845 | Italy and Argentina | IFN (9 MU/w) | I 49 C 97 | I 5.8 C 6.9 | Yes | HCC incidence |
| Ikeda et al, 199846 | Japan | IFN (6 MU/×2w) | I 94 C 219 | I 6.8 C 7.0 | Yes | HCC incidence |
| Lin et al, 200147 | China | IFN (5 MU/×3w) | I 30 C 28 | I 2.7 C 2.6 | No | HCC incidence, overall and HCC mortality |
| Lin et al, 200748 | China | IFN (6–9 MU/m2/×3w) | I 233 C 233 | I 6.8 C 6.1 | Yes | HCC incidence and mortality |
| Mahmood et al, 200550 | Japan | IFN (6 MU/d) | I 23 C 68 | I 7.0 C 7.0 | Yes | HCC incidence |
| Manolakopoulos et al, 200426 | Greece | Lamivudine (100 mg/d) | I 30 C 30 | I 1.5 C 1.8 | Yes | HCC incidence, overall and HCC mortality |
| Matsumoto et al, 200551 | Japan | Lamivudine (100 mg/d) | I 508 C 231 | I 2.7 C 5.3 | No | HCC incidence |
| Niederau et al, 199654 | Germany | IFN (2–5 MU/×3w) | I 103 C 53 | I 4.2 C 3.2 | No | Overall mortality |
| Romeo et al, 200957 | Italy | Lamivudine (NS) IFN (6–9 MU) | I 102 C 135 | I 22.4 C 16.5 | Yes | HCC incidence, overall and HCC mortality |
| Tangkijvanich et al, 200158 | Thailand | IFN (3–6 MU/×3w) | I 67 C 72 | I 4.9 C 4.9 | Yes | HCC incidence |
| Tong et al, 200960 | USA | Lamivudine (NS) | I 27 C 101 | I 5.3 C 5.3 | Yes | HCC incidence and mortality |
| Truong et al, 200561 | Japan | IFN (174–687 MU total) | I 27 C 35 | I 7.0 C 6.2 | Yes | HCC incidence and mortality |
| Yuen et al, 200164 | China | IFN (2.5–10 MU/m2/×3w) | I 208 C 203 | I 8.9 C 9.0 | Yes | HCC incidence and mortality |
| Yuen et al, 200465 | China | IFN (NS) | I 6 C 86 | I 10.5 C 10.5 | No | HCC incidence |
| Yuen et al, 200766 | China | Lamivudine (100 mg/d) | I 142 C 124 | I 7.5 C 9.0 | Yes | HCC incidence |
| Zampino et al, 200967 | Italy | IFN (5 MU/m2/×3w) | I 41 C 13 | I 23 C 23 | No | HCC incidence |
/d, Daily; /×3w, thrice weekly; C, control; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; I, intervention; IFN, interferon; MU, million units; NS, not stated.