Conceptual model for measuring impact of ICU design on patient care*
| ICU zones | Structure | Process | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient care | Single rooms ICU atmosphere Technology | Infection control practices Visual contact with patients Antipsychotic use Equipment usability | ICU acquired infections Less delirium Adverse events Qualitative findings |
| Clinical support | Medication room ICU location | Less distraction Longer response time | Medication errors MET response time MET outcomes Qualitative findings |
| Unit support | Provider areas | Provider area utilisation | Nurse absenteeism Provider impressions |
| Family support | Family areas | Family area utilisation | Overall score FSS-ICU Family impressions |
*Table populated by the design elements (structure) to be evaluated by process and outcome measures.
FSS-ICU, family satisfaction survey; ICU, intensive care unit; MET, medical emergency team.