Multimorbidity transitions across A&E episodes and hospital admissions and associated costs over 3 years
| Study groups | 3-year AE £ costs Mean (SD) | Adjusted-regression* estimates £ (SE) | p Value | 3-year IP £ costs Mean (SD) | Adjusted-regression* estimates £ (SE) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HT+ DM− | 55 (132) | 0 | 1647 (4085) | 0 | ||
| DM+ HT− | 69 (162) | 20 (2) | <0.001 | 2061 (4490) | 595 (68) | <0.001 |
| HT and DM | 69 (152) | 14 (2) | <0.001 | 2289 (4585) | 607 (48) | <0.001 |
| DM+ CHD− | 57 (124) | 0 | 1825 (3977) | 0 | ||
| CHD+ DM− | 84 (175) | 22 (2) | <0.001 | 2512 (5825) | 431 (73) | <0.001 |
| DM and CHD | 104 (219) | 42 (3) | <0.001 | 3372 (5789) | 1270 (101) | <0.001 |
| DM+ CKD− | 60 (143) | 0 | 1850 (3996) | 0 | ||
| CKD+ DM− | 80 (144) | 4 (2) | 0.14 | 2559 (4380) | 403 (73) | <0.001 |
| DM and CKD | 105 (190) | 30 (3) | <0.001 | 3642 (6063) | 1480 (97) | <0.001 |
| COPD+ CHD− | 96 (214) | 0 | 2642 (4814) | 0 | ||
| CHD+ COPD− | 81 (180) | −13 (4) | <0.001 | 2537 (5812) | −152 (92) | 0.097 |
| COPD and CHD | 138 (219) | 40 (5) | <0.001 | 3992 (5775) | 1158 (151) | <0.001 |
| COPD+ CHF− | 100 (211) | 0 | 2769 (4925) | 0 | ||
| CHF+ COPD− | 120 (192) | 17 (5) | <0.001 | 3877 (5732) | 904 (125) | <0.001 |
| CHF and COPD | 166 (242) | 64 (8) | <0.001 | 4901 (6199) | 1954 (206) | <0.001 |
| CHF+ CKD− | 108 (176) | 0 | 3282 (4880) | 0 | ||
| CKD+ CHF− | 75 (139) | −31 (4) | <0.001 | 2477 (4404) | −629 (114) | <0.001 |
| CKD and CHF | 164 (238) | 52 (5) | <0.001 | 5344 (6907) | 2116 (163) | <0.001 |
*Adjusted for age, gender and deprivation as measured by the Index of Multiple deprivation.
A&E, accident and emergency; CHD, coronary heart disease; CHF, chronic heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension.