Medical conditions in children (n=46) with childhood autism, Asperger's syndrome and other autism spectrum disorders in an Icelandic cohort born during 1994–1998*
| CA | AS | Other ASD | All ASD (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic and congenital syndromes† | 8 | 2 | 4 | 14 (5.2) |
| Chromosomal aberrations‡ | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 (2.2) |
| Congenital CNS malformations§ | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 (2.2) |
| Other neurological conditions¶ | 6 | 1 | 9 | 16 (6.0) |
| Epilepsy** | 10 | 0 | 9 | 19 (7.1) |
*Some children had more than one condition.
Figures in brackets indicate the number of cases:
†Down syndrome [3], Arnold-Chiari malformation [2], Ehlers-Danlos syndrome [1], homocystinuria [1], neurofibromatosis [1], Prader-Willi syndrome [1], Saethre-Chotzen syndrome [1], Smith-Magenis syndrome [1], Sotos syndrome [1], Sturge-Weber syndrome [1], Turner syndrome [1].
‡inv.9 [p11q12] [2], balanced autosomal rearrangements t4;14 [p11;q11] [1], microdeletion 3 [p26.3-pter] [1], partial duplication 8 [q1–q22] [1], partial duplication 20 [q12–q13.13] [1].
§Microcephaly [3], agenesis of the corpus callosum [1], macrogyria [1], cerebral cyst [1].
¶Cerebral palsy [5], asphyxia/intracranial haemorrhage [3], CNS infections [3], hearing impairment [2], CNS tumour [1], extrapyramidal motor disorder [1], vision impairment [1].
**Six children had seizure onset in the first year of life.
AS, Asperger's syndrome; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CA, childhood autism; CNS, central nervous system.