Association between PFAAs and self-report memory impairment in logistic regression for a doubling PFAA concentration, by quintiles of distribution and in ordinal regression by diabetes status (validated by clinical records)
| Range (ng/ml) | N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFOS N=17832 | OR (95% CI)* | p Value for inter | PFOA N=17832 | OR (95% CI)* | p Value for inter | |
| Patients without diabetes | 0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)† | – | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.97)† | – | ||
| Ordinal regression | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.98) | ||||
| 1st quintile | 0.25–14.5 | Ref. | 0.25–14.3 | Ref. | ||
| 2nd quintile | 14.6–20.5 | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.08) | 14.4–27.2 | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.95) | ||
| 3rd quintile | 20.6–27.0 | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.01) | 27.3–54.3 | 0.82 (0.73 to 0.92) | ||
| 4th quintile | 27.1–37.1 | 0.88 (0.78 to 0.99) | 54.4–119.1 | 0.76 (0.68 to 0.86) | ||
| 5th quintile | 37.2–759.2 | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.96) | 119.2–8416 | 0.75 (0.67 to 0.84) | ||
| Trend | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||
| N=3192 | N=3192 | |||||
| Patients with diabetes | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.02)† | 0.698 | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.06)† | 0.014 | ||
| Ordinal regression | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.04) | ||||
| 1st quintile | 0.25–13.6 | Ref. | 0.25–12.6 | Ref. | ||
| 2nd quintile | 13.7–20.0 | 1.06 (0.82 to 1.36) | 12.7–25.4 | 1.04 (0.80 to 1.34) | ||
| 3rd quintile | 20.1–27.3 | 0.82 (0.63 to 1.06) | 25.5–48.0 | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.14) | ||
| 4th quintile | 27.4–37.3 | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.13) | 48.1–102.1 | 1.04 (0.80 to 1.35) | ||
| 5th quintile | 37.4–272.0 | 0.90 (0.69 to 1.17) | 102.4–22,412 | 1.09 (0.84 to 1.42) | ||
| Trend | 0.162 | 0.543 | ||||
| PFNA | PFHxS | |||||
| N=17 832 | N=17 832 | |||||
| Patients without diabetes | 0.95 (0.90 to 0.99)† | – | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99)† | – | ||
| Ordinal regression | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) | 0.97 0.94 to 0.99) | ||||
| 1st quintile | 0.25–0.9 | Ref. | 0.25–1.8 | Ref. | ||
| 2nd quintile | 1.0–1.2 | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97) | 1.9–2.6 | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) | ||
| 3rd quintile | 1.3–1.5 | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.95) | 2.7–3.7 | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.11) | ||
| 4th quintile | 1.6–1.9 | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.93) | 3.8–5.7 | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.05) | ||
| 5th quintile | 2.0–28.6 | 0.88 (0.78 to 0.99) | 5.8–232.6 | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.99) | ||
| Trend | 0.031 | 0.029 | ||||
| N=3192 | N=3192 | |||||
| Patients with diabetes | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13)† | 0.259 | 3192 | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.06)† | 0.683 | |
| Ordinal regression | 0.99 (0.91 to 1.09) | |||||
| 1st quintile | 0.25–0.8 | Ref. | 0.25–1.6 | Ref. | ||
| 2nd quintile | 0.9–1.1 | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.40) | 1.7–2.3 | 1.06 (0.81 to 1.38) | ||
| 3rd quintile | 1.2–1.4 | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.17) | 2.4–3.2 | 1.10 (0.85 to 1.42) | ||
| 4th quintile | 1.5–1.8 | 1.03 (0.77 to 1.36) | 3.3–5.0 | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.33) | ||
| 5th quintile | 1.9–14.5 | 1.08 (0.82 to 1.43) | 5.1–99.7 | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.31) | ||
| Trend | 0.620 | 0.942 |
*Using clinical record validated diagnosis of diabetes and self-reported use of medications, adjusted for age (1-year age bands), ethnicity, gender, school level (categorical), household income (categorical), physical activity, alcohol consumption (categorical, none/<1drink/month, <1 drink/week, few drinks/week, 1–3 drinks/day, >3 drinks/day, undetermined) and cigarette smoking (categorical, never, former, <10 cigarette/day, 12–20 cigarette/day, 20+ cigarette/day).
†OR for doubling PFAA concentration.
PFAA, perfluoroalkyl acids.