Descriptive statistics (demographics, sexual behaviours, condom use, exposure to the programme and sexually transmitted infections including HIV) of high-risk men who have sex with men/male-to-female transgenders in Rounds 1 and 2 of the integrated biological and behavioural assessment, Andhra Pradesh, India*
| Round 1 (N=1218) % | Round 2 (N=1203) % | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| 18–24 | 43.8 | 37.9 | |
| 25–29 | 24.3 | 28.7 | |
| 30–34 | 13.0 | 15.6 | |
| 35–39 | 8.4 | 7.7 | |
| ≥40 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 0.48 |
| Literacy status | |||
| Literate (can read and write) | 76.9 | 80.3 | |
| Illiterate | 23.1 | 19.7 | 0.26 |
| Marital status | |||
| Currently married | 47.1 | 42.9 | |
| Never married | 52.1 | 56.3 | |
| Others | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.42 |
| Main occupation | |||
| Unemployed/student | 13.1 | 9.4 | |
| Self-employed/business/trade | 20.2 | 29.1 | |
| Non-agricultural/agricultural labour | 37.5 | 28.7 | |
| Service (govt./pvt.) | 18.6 | 26.6 | |
| Sex work | 4.2 | 4.3 | |
| Others (massagers/transport workers) | 6.5 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Local dweller | |||
| Yes | 97.0 | 98.9 | |
| No | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.21 |
| B. Sexual behaviours | |||
| Age at first sexual exposure, (year) | |||
| <15 | 13.0 | 8.9 | |
| ≥15 | 87.0 | 91.1 | 0.04 |
| Had sex outside the current place of residence | |||
| Yes | 72.6 | 25.7 | |
| No | 27.4 | 74.3 | <0.001 |
| Types of sexual partners (ever) | |||
| Have a regular male partner | 52.2 | 57.7 | 0.18 |
| Have a paying male partner | 51.5 | 37.9 | 0.004 |
| Have a paid male partner | 35.5 | 17.9 | <0.001 |
| Have other non-commercial male partner | 90.7 | 95.6 | 0.002 |
| Have a regular female partner | 55.3 | 51.3 | 0.32 |
| Self-reported sexual identity | |||
| Kothi (predominantly anal-receptive) | 20.0 | 33.4 | |
| Panthi (predominantly anal-insertive) | 2.8 | 23.8 | |
| Double decker (both anal-receptive and insertive) | 8.3 | 11.1 | |
| Bisexual | 68.0 | 29.4 | |
| Hijra (male-to-female transgender) | 0.9 | 2.3 | <0.001 |
| C. Condom use | |||
| Condom use during the last sex act | |||
| With regular male partner | 87.0 | 81.7 | 0.10 |
| With paying male partner | 88.7 | 90.9 | 0.44 |
| With paid male/hijra partners | 82.1 | 94.3 | 0.006 |
| With other non-commercial male/hijra partner | 78.9 | 91.7 | <0.001 |
| Consistent condom use | |||
| With regular male partner | 6.9 | 80.0 | <0.001 |
| With paid male/hijra partners | 17.5 | 92.6 | <0.001 |
| With other non-commercial male/hijra partner | 10.6 | 85.1 | <0.001 |
| D. Exposure to the Avahan programme | |||
| Contacted by any peer educator | 67.1 | 73.0 | 0.14 |
| Visited NGO clinic | 38.3 | 72.1 | <0.001 |
| Received condoms from peer Educator/outreach worker | 65.5 | 72.5 | 0.08 |
| Exposed to any intervention | 68.7 | 73.0 | 0.28 |
| E. Sexually transmitted infections (including HIV) | |||
| Syphilis—Yes† | 8.1 | 6.1 | 0.29 |
| High—titre syphilis (titre≥1 : 8)‡ | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.01 |
| Urethral chlamydia infection—Yes | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.48 |
| Urethral Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection—Yes | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.07 |
| HIV-1 infection—Yes | 15.5 | 17.3 | 0.52 |
*All the proportions shown are weighted.
†Any person with a reactive Reactive Plasma Reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA).
‡The titre obtained on RPR was used to measure this variable.