Data used in the calculation of fracture risk for each of the three risk scoring algorithms
| FRAX | QFracture | MS-specific calculator |
|---|---|---|
| Age | Age | Age |
| Sex | Sex | Sex |
| Weight; height; BMI | Weight; height; BMI | BMI |
| Previous fracture | Previous fragility fracture | Previous fracture (any fracture only) |
| Parental hip fracture | Parental osteoporosis or hip fracture | |
| Current smoking | Current or previous smoking, number of cigarettes smoked | Current smoking |
| Glucocorticoid exposure | Regular glucocorticoid exposure | Use of oral/intravenous glucocorticoids in the prior 6 months |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis or SLE | |
| Secondary osteoporosis | ||
| Alcohol >3 units/day | Alcohol number of units/day | |
| Femoral neck DXA (if available) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||
| Diabetes | ||
| Nursing/care home residence | ||
| Falls | History of a fall 3 months–1 year prior | |
| Dementia | ||
| Cancer | ||
| Asthma/COPD | ||
| Heart attack, angina, stroke, TIA | ||
| Chronic liver disease | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | ||
| Parkinson's disease | ||
| Malabsorption including Crohn's disease | ||
| Endocrine problems including thyroid dysfunction | ||
| Epilepsy/anticonvulsant exposure | Use of anticonvulsants 6 months prior (any fracture risk only) | |
| Antidepressants | Use of antidepressants in the prior 6 months | |
| Oestrogen-only HRT | ||
| History of fatigue in the prior 6 months (hip fracture only) |
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DXA, dual x-ray absorptiometry; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
Glucocorticoid exposure: defined currently as exposure to oral glucocorticoids or previous exposure to oral glucocorticoids for more than 3 months at a dose of prednisolone of 5 mg daily or more (or equivalent doses of other glucocorticoids).
Secondary osteoporosis: defined as a disorder strongly associated with osteoporosis. These include type I (insulin dependent) diabetes, osteogenesis imperfecta in adults, untreated long-standing hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism or premature menopause (<45 years), chronic malnutrition or malabsorption and chronic liver disease.