Characteristics of patients at baseline
| Patients not on dialysis (n=524) | Kidney transplant patients (n=92) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial ESA treatment | Initial ESA treatment | |||||
| Naïve (n=253) | ESA-treated (n=471) | Total (n=524) | Naïve (n=22) | ESA-treated (n=70) | Total (n=92) | |
| Age (years)* | 71.1±14.5 | 72.1±13.4 | 71.6±13.9 | 58.8±10.2 | 50.5±13.9 | 52.5±13.5 |
| Men (n (%)) | 131 (51.8) | 146 (53.9) | 277 (52.9) | 10 (45.5) | 30 (42.9) | 40 (43.5) |
| BMI* (kg/m2) | 26.8±5.4 | 26.9±5.7 | 26.9±5.6 | 25.6±5.2 | 24.5±4.2 | 24.7±4.5 |
| SBP* (mm Hg) | 137.6±17.4 | 137.7±20.1 | 137.6±18.8 | 140.7±12.8 | 138.6±15.8 | 139.1±15.1 |
| DBP* (mm Hg) | 74.2±10.4 | 75.3±10.6 | 74.7±10.5 | 77.6±11.5 | 77.3±10.9 | 77.3±11.0 |
| Duration of CKD* (years) | 3.6±5.3 | 4.7±4.7 | 4.2±5.0 | 19.2±12.3 | 15.7±10.6 | 16.6±11.1 |
| Cause of CKD† (n (%)) | ||||||
| Vascular nephropathy | 120 (47.4) | 122 (45.0) | 242 (46.2) | 2 (9.5) | 9 (12.9) | 11 (12.1) |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 71 (28.1) | 69 (25.5) | 140 (26.7) | 1 (4.8 | 3 (4.3 | 4 (4.4) |
| Glomerular nephropathy | 27 (10.7) | 30 (11.1) | 57 (10.9) | 7 (33.3) | 28 (40.0) | 35 (38.5) |
| Interstitial nephritis | 26 (10.3) | 26 (9.6) | 52 (9.9) | 4 (19.0) | 7 (10.0) | 11 (12.1) |
| Hereditary nephropathy | 14 (5.5) | 15 (5.5) | 29 (5.5) | 5 (23.8) | 11 (15.7 | 16 (17.6) |
| Not defined | 24 (9.5) | 32 (11.8) | 56 (10.7) | 1 (4.8) | 8 (11.4) | 9 (9.9) |
| Other causes | 13 (5.1) | 21 (7.7) | 34 (6.5) | 2 (9.5) | 5 (7.1) | 7 (7.7) |
| CKD stage‡,§ (n (%)) | ||||||
| Stage 1 | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Stage 2 | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) | 4 (0.8) | 0 | 3 (4.3) | 3 (3.3) |
| Stage 3 | 71 (29.6) | 74 (28.0) | 145 (28.8) | 15 (71.4) | 30 (43.5) | 45 (50.0) |
| Stage 4 | 133 (55.4) | 143 (54.2) | 276 (54.8) | 5 (23.8) | 34 (49.3) | 39 (43.3) |
| Stage 5 | 34 (14.2) | 44 (16.7) | 78 (15.5) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (3.3) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors/comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 224 (88.5%) | 248 (91.5%) | 472 (90.1%) | 22 (100.0%) | 66 (94.0%) | 88 (95.7%) |
| Dyslipidaemia¶ | 140 (55.8%) | 160 (60.4%) | 300 (58.1%) | 18 (81.8%) | 44 (64.7%) | 62 (68.9%) |
| Type 2 diabetes** | 92 (37.6%) | 109 (41.4%) | 201 (39.6%) | 1 (4.5%) | 6 (8.6%) | 7 (7.6%) |
| Myocardial infarction/angina†† | 56 (22.3%) | 74 (27.4%) | 130 (25.0%) | 3 (13.6%) | 7 (10.0%) | 10 (10.9%) |
| Heart failure‡‡ | 56 (22.2%) | 62 (23.0%) | 118 (22.6%) | 1 (4.5%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.2%) |
| Stenosis/thrombosis/aneurysm§§ | 49 (19.9%) | 57 (21.2%) | 106 (20.6%) | 1 (5.3%) | 9 (13.6%) | 10 (11.8%) |
| Stroke¶¶ | 30 (12.0%) | 26 (9.6%) | 56 (10.7%) | 1 (4.5%) | 5 (7.1%) | 6 (6.5%) |
| Hb*,*** (g/dl) | 10.0±0.9 | 11.3±1.4 | 10.7±1.4 | 9.9±1.0 | 10.7±1.3 | 10.5±1.3 |
| Hb (10–12) g/dl (n (%)) | 128 (51.6) | 146 (54.3) | 274 (53.0) | 10 (45.5) | 40 (57.1) | 50 (54.3) |
| Hematocrit* (%) | 30.5±2.8 | 34.5±4.4 | 32.6±4.2 | 30.7±3.6 | 33.4±4.7 | 32.8±4.5 |
| Platelets* (103/mm3) | 248.1±75.2 | 247.2±92.8 | 247.6±85.0 | 246.8±73.0 | 249.0±74.8 | 248.5±74.0 |
| Serum ferritin level* (ng/ml) | 233.3±256.1 | 220.7±206.3 | 226.8±231.8 | 270.8±218.6 | 230.1±170.9 | 241.9±185.0 |
| Transferrin saturation coefficient*,††† (%) | 24.7±12.3 | 23.7±11.2 | 24.2±11.7 | 29.5±21.1 | 27.4±10.3 | 27.9±13.7 |
| Adequate iron status‡‡‡,§§§ (n (%)) | 54 (46.6) | 61 (45.2) | 115 (45.8) | 7 (63.6) | 18 (58.1) | 25 (59.5) |
| Serum creatinine* (µmol/l) | 257.3±117.6 | 256.5±111.5 | 256.9±114.4 | 181.3±56.8 | 214.3±74.7 | 206.3±72.0 |
| eGFR*,¶¶¶ (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 25.2±11.1 | 25.2±11.9 | 25.2±11.5 | 36.1±13.5 | 31.6±13.1 | 32.6±13.2 |
| C reactive protein*, **** (mg/l) | 10.9±15.0 | 10.3±16.4 | 10.6±15.7 | 9.7±12.4 | 7.8±10.8 | 8.2±11.1 |
| ≤5 mg/l (n (%)) | 73 (51.0) | 77 (54 0.6) | 150 (53.0) | 9 (60.0) | 32 (68.1) | 41 (66.1) |
| (5–10) mg/l (n (%)) | 34 (23.8) | 29 (20.6) | 63 (22.2) | 3 (20.0) | 5 (10.6) | 8 (12.9) |
| (10–20) mg/l (n (%)) | 14 (9.8) | 17 (12.1) | 31 (10.9) | 0 | 4 (8.5) | 4 (6.5) |
| (20–30) mg/l (n (%)) | 7 (4.9) | 8 (5.7) | 15 (5.3) | 2 (13.3) | 3 (6.4) | 5 (8.1) |
| >30 mg/l (n (%)) | 15 (10.5) | 10 (7.1) | 25 (8.8) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (6.4) | 4 (6.5) |
| Folate deficiency†††† (n (%)) | 8 (12.9) | 6 (11.3) | 14 (12.2) | 0 | 1 (5.9) | 1 (3.4) |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency‡‡‡‡ (n (%)) | 5 (8.2) | 2 (4.5) | 7 (6.7) | 0 | 1 (6.7) | 1 (3.7) |
*Mean±SD.
†One missing data for kidney transplant patients.
‡Stage 1 (GFR (90–120) ml/min/1.73 m2), Stage 2 (GFR (60–90( ml/min/1.73 m2), Stage 3 (GFR (30–60( ml/min/1.73 m2), Stage 4 (GFR (15–30) ml/min/1.73 m2), Stage 5 (GFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m2).
§20 Missing data for non-dialysis patients and 2 missing data for kidney transplant patients.
¶Eight missing data for non-dialysis patients and two missing data for kidney transplant patients.
**16 Missing data for non-dialysis patients.
††Three missing data for non-dialysis patients.
‡‡Two missing data for non-dialysis patients.
§§Nine missing data for non-dialysis patients and seven missing data for kidney transplant patients.
¶¶Three missing data for non-dialysis patients.
***Seven missing data for non-dialysis patients.
†††Transferrin saturation coefficient.
‡‡‡Serum ferritin >100 ng/ml and TSAT >20%.
§§§273 Missing data for non-dialysis patients and 50 missing data for kidney transplant patients.
¶¶¶Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (Cockcroft and Gault formula).
****240 Missing data for non-dialysis patients and 30 missing data for kidney transplant patients.
††††409 Missing data for non-dialysis patients and 63 missing data for kidney transplant patients.
‡‡‡‡419 Missing data for non-dialysis patients and 65 missing data for kidney transplant patients.
BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESA, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent; TSAT, transferrine saturation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.