Results of the adjusted general linear model for MCS12 and SES indicators
| Male (β, 95% CI) | Female (β, 95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Education | ||
| Postsecondary | 3.00 (0.09 to 5.91)* | 6.58 (1.69 to 11.47)** |
| Secondary | 0.46 (–2.04 to 2.96) | 0.51 (–1.83 to 2.87) |
| Primary | 0.03 (–2.34 to 2.41) | 0.27 (–1.25 to 1.79) |
| Uneducated | –0.63 (–3.36 to 2.11) | 0.44 (–1.23 to 2.11) |
| Illiterate | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| House tenure | ||
| Self-owned | 0.63 (–0.41 to 1.68) | 1.01 (–0.26 to 2.27) |
| Non-self-owned | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Income | ||
| >10000 | –0.60 (–3.55 to 2.35) | 1.56 (–3.10 to 6.22) |
| 6000∼9999 | –0.70 (–2.89 to 1.49) | 1.51 (–1.43 to 4.45) |
| 3000∼5999 | 0.27 (–1.37 to 1.90) | 1.32 (–0.90 to 3.53) |
| 2000∼2999 | 0.29 (–1.36 to 1.94) | 0.92 (–1.35 to 3.18) |
| 1000∼1999 | 0.49 (–1.20 to 2.19) | 0.09 (–2.50 to 2.67) |
| <1000 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Expenditure | ||
| >10000 | –2.97 (–7.06 to 1.12) | –2.35 (–7.22 to 2.52) |
| 6000∼9999 | –1.32 (–3.26 to 0.61) | –2.31 (–4.68 to 0.06) |
| 3000∼5999 | –1.17 (–2.86 to 0.53) | –0.92 (–2.74 to 0.91) |
| 2000∼2999 | –0.91 (–2.61 to 0.79) | –0.98 (–2.90 to 0.94) |
| <2000 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Occupation | ||
| Professionals | 3.39 (1.69 to 5.10)** | 3.65 (1.08 to 6.22)** |
| Technical workers | 2.00 (0.59 to 3.42)** | 1.20 (–0.19 to 2.58) |
| Unemployed | – | 0.74 (–1.16 to 2.63) |
| Elementary workers | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Economic hardship | ||
| More than enough | 9.57 (7.17 to 11.97)** | 10.26 (6.56 to 13.96)** |
| Enough | 7.03 (5.58 to 8.48)** | 6.98 (5.28 to 8.68)** |
| Just right | 4.38 (2.87 to 5.88)** | 3.93 (2.25 to 5.60)** |
| Insufficient | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Covariates included age, marriage, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, exercise, live alone or not, hospitalisation, diagnosis of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, hearing loss or musculoskeletal and other SES indicators. Because correlation was found between education and occupation, income and expenditure, only one indicator of each pair was included in the model. For example, if education was the independent variable in the model, occupation was excluded due to the correlation with education, and income, but not expenditure, was included in the model due to the correlation between the two. If expenditure was the independent variable, income was excluded due to the correlation with occupation, and education, but not occupation, was included in the model due to the correlation between the two.
*p<0.01, **p<0.05.
MCS, mental component score; SES, socioeconomic status.