Physical appearance and self-reported information of fertile men from four cities in Japan
| Entire study population (n=792) | Sapporo (n=206) | Osaka (n=250) | Kanazawa (n=233) | Fukuoka (n=103) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | p Values | |
| Height (cm) | 172 (6) | 172 (163–180) | 171 (5) | 171 (162–180) | 172 (6) | 172 (162–182) | 172 (5) | 172 (163–180) | 172 (5) | 171 (165–180) | 0.6* |
| Weight (kg) | 69 (10) | 68 (55–85) | 68 (10) | 67 (54–87) | 69 (10) | 68 (55–85) | 68 (10) | 67 (55–85) | 69 (10) | 67 (55–85) | 0.6* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 (3) | 23 (19–29) | 23 (3) | 23 (19–30) | 23 (3) | 23 (20–28) | 23 (3) | 23 (19–28) | 23 (3) | 23 (19–29) | 0.6* |
| Mean of left and right size (ml)† | 20 (4) | 20 (15–26) | 19 (3) | 19 (15–26) | 20 (4) | 20 (14–26) | 21 (4) | 21 (15–27) | 19 (3) | 19 (16–24) | 0.0001* |
| Age (years)‡ | 31.7 (5.0) | 31.4 (24.0–40.3) | 30.6 (5.0) | 30.0 (22.0–39.0) | 32.9 (4.7) | 32.5 (25.3–41.7) | 30.9 (5.1) | 30.6 (24.1–39.2) | 32.6 (4.7) | 32.5 (25.9–39.3) | <0.0001* |
| School education (years) | 15 (3) | 15 (11–18) | 14 (3) | 14 (10–18) | 16 (2) | 16 (12–18) | 14 (3) | 14 (10–18) | 15 (3) | 16 (11–18) | <0.0001* |
| Ejaculation abstinence (hours)§ | 192 (315) | 115 (59–498) | 215 (348) | 117 (59–686) | 151 (160) | 108 (58–354) | 227 (402) | 131 (69–684) | 167 (293) | 111 (59–336) | <0.0001* |
| Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | |||||||
| Have (had) | |||||||||||
| Cryptorchidism¶ | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.8** | |||||
| Testicular torsion | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | |||||
| Orchitis | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | |||||
| Varicocele | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Inguinal hernia | 3.1 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0.3** | |||||
| STD†† | 5.6 | 8.3 | 3.2 | 5.58 | 5.8 | 0.2** | |||||
| Thyroid disease or diabetes | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.43 | 1.0 | 0.9** | |||||
| Taken medicine‡‡ | 35.1 | 18.5 | 42.0 | 36.5 | 48.5 | <0.0001** | |||||
| Caused pregnancy previously | 45.1 | 42.7 | 42.8 | 51.1 | 41.8 | 0.2 B | |||||
| Investigation because of infertility | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 0.1 B | |||||
| Varicocele diagnosed in study§§ | 11.8 | 13.6 | 8.4 | 13.7 | - | 0.110 B | |||||
| Tobacco smoker | 52.8 | 67.0 | 39.6 | 55.8 | 49.5 | <0.0001 B | |||||
| Exposed to tobacco in utero¶¶ | 3.8 | 7.8 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 0.018 B | |||||
*Kruskal-Wallis test.
†Size assessed by palpation.
‡Age calculated as difference between day of attendance in study and self-reported day of birth.
§Ejaculation abstinence period calculated as difference between time of current ejaculation and self-reported time of previous ejaculation.
¶Not born with both testicles in scrotum (irrespective of spontaneous descend or treatment).
**Fisher's exact test.
††Diagnosed with epididymitis, chlamydia or gonnorhoea.
‡‡Taken any medication recent 3 months prior to participation in study or pain.
§§Varicocele diagnosed during this study, irrespective of previous self-reported information (except Fukuoka).
¶¶In utero exposed to maternal tobacco smoking.
(5–95), 5–95th percentile; BMI, body mass index.