Sociodemographic, pulmonary and psychological variables of study participants aged 65 or above (Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study, SLAS)
| COPD | Non-COPD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | Significant test | p Value | |
| Total | 136 | 32.9 | 277 | 67.1 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 58 | 42.6 | 112 | 40.7 | χ2=0.138, df=1 | 0.710 |
| Female | 78 | 57.4 | 163 | 59.3 | ||
| Age (years, M±SD) | 73.19 | ±5.87 | 71.23 | ±5.47 | t=3.328 | 0.001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Chinese | 121 | 89.0 | 241 | 87.6 | χ2=0.154, df=1 | 0.694 |
| Non-Chinese | 15 | 11.0 | 34 | 12.4 | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never smoker | 77 | 57.6 | 211 | 77.3 | χ2=20.59, df=3 | <0.001 |
| Past smoker | 29 | 21.6 | 41 | 15.0 | ||
| Current smoker<10 cigarettes daily | 18 | 13.4 | 12 | 4.4 | ||
| Current smoker≥10 cigarettes daily | 10 | 7.5 | 9 | 3.3 | ||
| Number of chronic diseases | 2.60 | ±1.30 | 1.65 | ±1.25 | t=7.096 | <0.001 |
| Number of negative life events | 0.67 | ±0.98 | 0.74 | ±1.11 | t=0.609 | 0.543 |
| Life event stress score | 1.02 | ±1.71 | 1.12 | ±1.78 | t=0.525 | 0.600 |
| Postbronchodilator FEV1 | 1.42 | ±0.50 | 1.75 | ±0.52 | t=6.185 | <0.001 |
| CFQ score | 38.0 | ±9.21 | 38.8 | ±9.83 | t=0.733 | 0.464 |
| MMSE score | 26.4 | ±3.26 | 27.4 | ±3.11 | t=3.090 | 0.002 |
| GDS depression score | 1.13 | ±2.04 | 0.84 | ±1.69 | t=1.487 | 0.138 |
| GDS≥5 | 7 | 5.2 | 8 | 2.9 | χ2=1.349, df=1 | 0.245 |
| SF-36 PCS | 44.6 | ±9.04 | 47.1 | ±7.21 | t=2.726 | 0.007 |
| SF-36 MCS | 54.9 | ±7.83 | 55.1 | ±6.68 | t=0.353 | 0.724 |
Figures in table denote mean±SD or number and %.
Smoker is defined as smoking≥10 cigarettes daily.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CFQ, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire; GDS, the Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; SF-36 MCS, 36-Item Short-Form Mental Health Component Summary; SF-36 PCS, 36-Item Short-Form Physical Health Component Summary.