Echocardiographic data at rest and during exercise
| Rest | Exercise | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum workload (W) | 100 (75, 125) | ||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 73 (66, 84) | 128 (112, 142) | <0.001 |
| Left ventricle outflow gradient (mm Hg) | 11 (7, 31) | 27 (16, 98) | <0.001 |
| Δ Left ventricle outflow gradient (mm Hg) | 14 (8, 46) | ||
| Mitral regurgitation jet area (cm²) | 1.2 (0.1, 3.1) | 3.0 (0.6, 7.1) | <0.001 |
| Δ Mitral regurgitation jet area (cm²) | 0.6 (0, 3.6) | ||
| End-diastolic volume (ml/m²) | 35 (28, 45) | 29 (20, 40) | <0.001 |
| Δ End-diastolic volume (ml/m²) | −6 (−12, −2) | ||
| End-systolic volume (ml/m²) | 8 (5, 12) | 5 (3, 7) | <0.001 |
| Δ End-systolic volume (ml/m²) | −3 (−5, 0) | ||
| Stroke volume (ml/m²) | 28 (22, 37) | 23 (17, 32) | <0.001 |
| Δ Stroke volume (ml/m²) | −4 (−9, 1) | ||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 78 (71, 84) | 83 (75, 88) | <0.001 |
| Δ Ejection fraction (%) | 5 (−2, 11) | ||
| E wave (cm/s) | 71 (59, 89) | 97 (83, 121) | <0.001 |
| Δ E wave (cm/s) | 25 (8, 44) | ||
| A wave (cm/s) | 73 (60, 91) | 104 (84, 125) | <0.001 |
| Δ A wave (cm/s) | 27 (8, 45) | ||
| Deceleration time (ms) | 185 (160, 250) | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| S wave (cm/s) | 7.5 (6.1, 9.0) | 9.4 (7.6, 11.9) | <0.001 |
| Δ S wave (cm/s) | 2.1 (0.7, 3.3) | ||
| E′ wave (cm/s) | 7.5 (5.9, 9.0) | 9.7 (7.4, 13.8) | <0.001 |
| Δ E′ wave (cm/s) | 3.1 (0.9, 5.0) | ||
| A′ wave (cm/s) | 8.4 (6.5, 11.1) | 11.1 (9.3, 15.5) | <0.001 |
| Δ A′ wave (cm/s) | 2.5 (0.9, 5.1) | ||
| E/E′ | 9.9 (7.0, 14.2) | 9.2 (7.1, 12.8) | 0.270 |