Birth characteristics and outcomes among primiparas at low risk for 1996/1997 and 2000/2008
| 1996/1997 Private hospitals (n=6548) (%) | 2000–2008 Private hospitals (n=30152) (%) | 1996/1997 Public hospitals (n=20354) (%) | 2000–2008 Public hospitals (n=94279) (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | ||||
| 20–24 | 10.6 | 7 | 40.6 | 33.1 |
| 25–29 | 48.9 | 43.1 | 40 | 41.3 |
| 30–34 | 40.6 | 49.9 | 19.3 | 25.6 |
| Type of labour | ||||
| Spontaneous | 47 | 32.1 | 63.8 | 48.4 |
| Augmented | 23.1 | 28.1 | 19.7 | 25.8 |
| Induced | 25.7 | 30.9 | 15.7 | 22.8 |
| No labour | 4.1 | 8.9 | 1.4 | 3 |
| Delivery | ||||
| Vaginal | 49.7 | 43.9 | 72.6 | 63.8 |
| Forceps | 22.5 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 6.3 |
| Vacuum | 11.4 | 17.7 | 6.8 | 12.1 |
| Caesarean section before labour | 4.1 | 8.9 | 1.5 | 3 |
| Caesarean section after labour | 12.3 | 18.2 | 8.5 | 14.8 |
| Epidural | 50.8 | 53.3 | 25.1 | 32.2 |
| Episiotomy | 46.6 | 27.7 | 28.6 | 11.8 |
| Severe perineal trauma | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 1.6 |
| Apgar score <7 at 5 min | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.6 |