HRs for main childhood cancers according to the Apgar score at 5 min
| Cancer type | Apgar score | Cancer cases (rate per 1000) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leukaemia | 0–5 | 13 (0.4) | 1.03 (0.60 to 1.79) | 1.05 (0.61 to 1.81) |
| 6–8 | 71 (0.5) | 1.02 (0.81 to 1.29) | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.29) | |
| 9–10 | 2122 (0.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Lymphomas | 0–5 | 3 (0.1) | 0.84 (0.27 to 2.60) | 0.73 (0.23 to 2.27) |
| 6–8 | 12 (0.1) | 0.62 (0.35 to 1.09) | 0.51 (0.29 to 0.90) | |
| 9–10 | 598 (0.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Central nervous system cancers | 0–5 | 21 (0.6) | 1.24 (0.78 to 1.98) | 1.22 (0.77 to 1.94) |
| 6–8 | 104 (0.7) | 1.29 (1.06 to 1.57)* | 1.26 (1.03 to 1.54)* | |
| 9–10 | 2432 (0.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Retinoblastoma | 0–5 | 3 (0.1) | 2.20 (0.70 to 6.84) | 2.03 (0.64 to 6.39) |
| 6–8 | 4 (<0.05) | 0.52 (0.19 to 1.39) | 0.48 (0.18 to 1.28) | |
| 9–10 | 240 (0.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Wilms’ tumour | 0–5 | 12 (0.4) | 4.62 (2.61 to 8.20)* | 4.33 (2.42 to 7.73)* |
| 6–8 | 18 (0.1) | 1.24 (0.77 to 1.99) | 1.16 (0.72 to 1.87) | |
| 9–10 | 444 (0.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Hepatoblastoma | 0–5 | 1 (<0.05) | 1.78 (0.25 to 12.76) | 1.51 (0.21 to 10.96) |
| 6–8 | 4 (<0.05) | 1.27 (0.47 to 3.44) | 1.06 (0.39 to 2.92) | |
| 9–10 | 96 (<0.05) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Bone cancer | 0–5 | 3 (0.1) | 2.25 (0.72 to 7.02) | 2.05 (0.65 to 6.45) |
| 6–8 | 6 (<0.05) | 0.85 (0.38 to 1.90) | 0.79 (0.35 to 1.80) | |
| 9–10 | 220 (0.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Testicular cancer | 0–5 | 0 (0) | – | – |
| 6–8 | 4 (<0.05) | 2.08 (0.76 to 5.75) | 1.89 (0.68 to 5.25) | |
| 9–10 | 59 (<0.05) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
*p<0.05.
†Adjusted for country, sex, maternal factors at child birth (age, education and smoking during pregnancy) and birth characteristics of the child (birth weight, gestational age and birth order).