Physical appearance and self-reported information of men from the Copenhagen area, Denmark
| Study population | |||||
| General population 1996–2010, total (N=4867) | Fertile 1996–1998 (N=349) | Infertile couples 1939–1943 (N=839) | |||
| Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | ||
| Physical appearance | |||||
| Age (years)* | 19.4 (1.2) | 19.0 (18.4–21.7) | 31.5 (4.3) | 30.8 (25.4–40.2) | 73% 25–35 years |
| Height (m) | 1.81 (0.06) | 1.81 (1.71–1.92) | 1.83 (6.2) | 1.84 (1.73–1.94) | – |
| Weight (kg) | 75.1 (11.5) | 73.5 (59.4–96.4) | 83.0 (11.2) | 82.0 (67.6–102.2) | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 (3.1) | 22.4 (18.7–28.8) | 24.6 (2.9) | 24.3 (20.6–29.5) | 6.6% ‘moderate obese’ |
| Testis size (ml)† | 20 (5) | 20 (13–28) | 23 (4) | 24 (15–30) | – |
| Testis size (ml), US | 15 (4) | 14 (9–22) | – | – | – |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Cigarettes daily, all men | 4.1 (6.7) | 0.0 (0.0–20.0) | 4.5 (8.3) | 0.0 (0.0–20) | – |
| Cigarettes daily, smokers only | 9.9 (7.1) | 10.0 (1.0–20.0) | 14.0 (8.9) | 15.0 (0.5–30) | – |
| Alcohol consumption (units)‡ | 14 (14) | 11 (0–40) | 10 (9) | 8 (0–30) | – |
| Ejaculation abstinence (h) | 81 (117) | 63 (37–155) | 81 (65) | 64 (20–182) | – |
| % | % | % | |||
| Taken medication§ | 12.5 | 20.1 | – | ||
| Smoker | 41.7 | 32.5 | – | ||
| Previous smoker | 3.1 | – | – | ||
| Never-smoker | 55.2 | – | – | ||
| Mother smoked in pregnancy | 38.0 | 38.1 | – | ||
| Been diagnosed as having | |||||
| Varicocele | 0.6 | 2.9 | 11.9 | ||
| Epididymitis | 0.3 | 2.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Sexual transmitted disease¶ | 4.3 | 18.6 | 19.4 | ||
| Cystitis | 2.4 | 8.0 | – | ||
| Diabetes | 0.02 | 0.3 | – | ||
| Thyroid disease | 0.04 | 0.0 | – | ||
| Been treated for | |||||
| Varicocele | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | ||
| Testicular torsion | 0.8 | 1.1 | |||
| Testicular cancer | 0.02 | 0.3 | 0.01 | ||
| Cryptorchidism** | 6.1 | 4.3 | 2.1 | ||
| Hypospadias | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Phimosis | 3.9 | – | – | ||
| Inguinal hernia | 3.4 | 6.0 | 1.5 | ||
| Has | |||||
| Had cryptorchidism†† | 8.3 | – | >5.2 | ||
| Experienced fertility problems‡‡ | 0.6 | 12.3 | 100.0 | ||
| Caused a pregnancy§§ | 6.4 | 100.0 | 26.8 | ||
Infertile couples: 925 men delivered semen samples, however, patient history was only obtained on 839.
↵* Calculated as difference between day of attendance in study and self-reported day of birth.
↵† Mean of left and right testes size assessed by palpation. Information of testis size was missing for 3, 9 and 3 men from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd investigation period, respectively.
↵‡ Sum of intake of beer, wine and strong alcohol recent week prior to participation in study.
↵§ Taken any medication recent 3 months prior to participation in study.
↵¶ Chlamydia or gonorrhoea.
↵** Hormonal, surgical or combination.
↵†† Not born with both testicles in scrotum (irrespective of spontaneous descend, treatment or still cryptorchid). For the Hammen cohort similar information was not obtained, but 5.2% of men were detected as having cryptorchidism when examined.
↵‡‡ Ever had regular intercourse without use of contraception for at least 1 year, without partner became pregnant.
↵§§ Ever caused a pregnancy.