HRs and 95% CIs for the association between incident heart failure (HF) and the risk of subsequent stroke and ischaemic stroke for various time intervals after the diagnosis of HF
| Presence of HF | HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Possibly modified by VKA | 0–30 days | 30 days to 6 months | 6+ months | ||
| Death | No HF | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| HF | Crude | 47.6 (36.2 to 62.6) | 13.9 (11.0 to 17.7) | 5.0 (4.4 to 5.6) | |
| Model 1 | 47.0 (35.7 to 61.9) | 13.7 (10.8 to 17.4) | 4.9 (4.3 to 5.5) | ||
| Model 2 | 41.2 (31.3 to 54.2) | 12.0 (9.5 to 15.3) | 4.3 (3.7 to 4.9) | ||
| HF/−VKA | Model 2* | 43.2 (32.8 to 57.0) | 12.9 (10.1 to 16.4) | 4.5 (4.0 to 5.2) | |
| HF/+VKA | 15.9 (2.2 to 113.1) | 5.0 (1.2 to 20.0) | 2.5 (1.4 to 4.5) | ||
| Death and stroke | No HF | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| HF | Crude | 42.0 (32.3 to 54.5) | 9.9 (7.7 to 12.8) | 4.0 (3.5 to 4.5) | |
| Model 1 | 41.3 (31.8 to 53.7) | 9.7 (7.5 to 12.5) | 3.9 (3.4 to 4.4) | ||
| Model 2 | 35.7 (27.5 to 46.4) | 8.4 (6.5 to 10.8) | 3.4 (3.0 to 3.8) | ||
| HF/−VKA | Model 2* | 37.4 (28.7 to 48.7) | 8.9 (6.9 to 11.5) | 3.6 (3.2 to 4.1) | |
| HF/+VKA | 14.3 (2.0 to 101.4) | 4.4 (1.1 to 17.4) | 1.9 (1.1 to 3.5) | ||
Piecewise constant effect of HF exposure: crude: no adjustment (apart from age), model 1: adjusted for vitamin K antagonist (VKA) treatment, model 2 adjusted for VKA treatment, sex, systolic blood pressure. All models use age as time scale.
↵* Effect modification term added to the model.