Table 3

Comorbidity effects on healthcare visits as estimated by multiple linear regression models (interactions)

GPHospital specialistsParamedical, primary careParamedical hospital
Intercept−0.68±0.010***0.38±0.024***0.54±0.071***1.60±0.055***
Gender
 FemaleRefRefRefRef
 Male−0.23±0.006***−0.01±0.017−0.16±0.039***−0.67±0.030***
Age, years
 20–45RefRefRefRef
 46–650.07±0.006***0.02±0.0130.57±0.028***−0.44±0.033***
 66–750.18±0.011***0.24±0.027***2.17±0.084***−0.65±0.050***
Education
 PrimaryRefRefRefRef
 Secondary−0.05±0.009***−0.11±0.023***−0.51±0.063***−0.16±0.045***
 University−0.16±0.009***−0.08±0.024**−0.78±0.063***−0.19±0.046***
 No. of other conditions0.33±0.003***0.63±0.014***0.94±0.031***0.72±0.018***
Diagnosis
 Depression0.57±0.029***0.65±0.070***1.60±0.267***3.81±0.242***
 Osteoarthritis0.39±0.031***0.35±0.053***1.62±0.173***0.69±0.144***
 Back pain0.66±0.021***0.15±0.042***1.12±0.104***0.80±0.094***
Interactions
 Depression and osteoarthritis−0.03±0.229−0.35±0.3210.31±1.5911.61±3.222
 Depression and back pain0.32±0.178−0.27±0.202−0.36±0.753−1.45±0.645*
 Osteoarthritis and back pain−0.14±0.1160.09±0.1940.24±0.5850.30±0.821
  • Regression coefficients ± SE.

  • *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. Regression coefficients showing the comorbidity effects are highlighted using bold values.