Mental symptoms and experiences during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull
| Likelihood of PTSD† (n=138) | General health‡ (n=151) | Depression§ (n=132) | Anxiety§ (n=130) | Stress§ (n=133) | |
| Exposure at residence (‘From your residence, did you experience any of the following?’)‡ | |||||
| Was awakened by noise (n=157) | |||||
| Yes | 5/66 (8%) | 38/75 (51%)* | 3/63 (5%) | 6/64 (9%) | 3/63 (5%) |
| No | 5/63 (8%) | 16/66 (24%) | 5/61 (8%) | 4/58 (7%) | 5/60 (8%) |
| Felt earthquakes (n=155) | |||||
| Yes | 5/42 (12%) | 27/51 (53%) | 2/39 (5%)* | 3/38 (8%) | 2/39 (5%)* |
| No | 4/85 (5%) | 27/89 (30%) | 5/84 (6%) | 7/83 (8%) | 5/84 (6%) |
| Traumatic experiences (‘Did you during the eruption…’) | |||||
| Think your life was in danger (n=144) | |||||
| Yes | 1/6 (17%)* | 2/4 (50%) | 1/5 (20%)* | 0/5 (0%) | 1/4 (25%) |
| No | 8/126 (6%) | 42/123 (34%) | 8/123 (7%) | 11/120 (9%) | 7/123 (6%) |
| Think that someone else's life was in danger (n=139) | |||||
| Yes | 4/19 (21%)* | 9/16 (56%) | 3/18 (17%) | 3/17 (29%) | 3/17 (18%)* |
| No | 5/108 (5%) | 33/107 (31%) | 5/105 (5%) | 6/103 (6%) | 4/105 (4%) |
| Feel helpless (n=143) | |||||
| Yes | 9/30 (30%)* | 20/27 (74%)* | 8/30 (27%)* | 8/29 (28%)* | 7/28 (25%)* |
| No | 0/101 (0%) | 24/100 (24%) | 1/98 (1%) | 3/96 (3%) | 1/99 (1%) |
| Feel afraid (n=142) | |||||
| Yes | 4/17 (24%)* | 10/17 (59%)* | 5/18 (28%)* | 4/16 (25%)* | 3/17 (18%) |
| No | 5/113 (4%) | 34/108 (31%) | 4/108 (4%) | 6/107 (6%) | 5/108 (5%) |
In all fractions the nominator refers to those who scored above the cut-off for the various scales.
↵* Significant difference in exposure rates between cases and non-cases (p<0.05 in a χ2 test).
↵† Derived from the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptom Scale–Self Report (PSS-SR).
↵‡ Derived from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).
↵§ Derived from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS).