Table 1

Magnitude of difference in messenger RNA expression between mood disordered and healthy control (HC) samples from Padmos et al,32 showing selected transcripts in unmedicated subjects versus HCs, relative to that of medicated BD subjects

Gene symbol	Unmedicated BD versus HC		Medicated BD versus HC		Affected offspring^* versus HC
Gene symbol	Fold change	p Value	Fold change	p Value	Fold change	p Value
PDE4B	13.73^†	<0.001	3.42	<0.001	5.79	<0.001
IL-6	37.92	0.005	9.56	0.006	935.7	<0.001
CCL20	55.49	0.006	6.02	0.10	400.1	<0.001

Sample sizes: unmedicated BD n=11, medicated BD n=31, affected offspring n=13, HCs n=25 for comparisons against BD adults, n=70 for comparisons of offspring.
↵* Affected with respect to having manifested either a depressive or a manic episode.
↵† Difference significant between unmedicated versus medicated BD samples.
BD, bipolar disorder; CCL20, chemokine ligand 20IL-6, interleukin 6; PDE4B, phosphodiesterase type 4B.