Effect of weekly vitamin A supplementation on postneonatal deaths by cause of death; intention-to-treat analyses, all live births from 1 June 2003 to 30 September 2008
| Placebo | Vitamin A | |
| Infant-years of follow-up | 23 800 | 24 097 |
| Total postneonatal deaths | 662 | 681 |
| Infection | ||
| Infection-specific deaths (n) | 479 | 503 |
| Infection-specific deaths/1000 child-years | 20.13 | 20.87 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.19) |
| p Value | – | 0.61 |
| Pneumonia | ||
| Pneumonia-specific deaths (n) | 152 | 146 |
| Pneumonia-specific deaths/1000 child-years | 6.39 | 6.06 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.21) |
| p Value | – | 0.67 |
| Malaria | ||
| Malaria-specific deaths (n) | 115 | 113 |
| Malaria-specific deaths/1000 child-years | 4.83 | 4.69 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.74 to 1.27) |
| p Value | – | 0.83 |
| Diarrhoea | ||
| Diarrhoea-specific deaths (n) | 60 | 70 |
| Diarrhoea-specific deaths/1000 child-years | 2.52 | 2.90 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.82 to 1.62) |
| p Value | – | 0.42 |
| Measles | ||
| Measles-specific deaths (n) | 4 | 2 |
| Measles-specific deaths/1000 child-years | 0.17 | 0.08 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.49 (0.09 to 2.69) |
| p Value | – | 0.41 |
| Other infection† | ||
| Other infection deaths (n) | 148 | 172 |
| Other infection-specific deaths/1000 child-years | 6.22 | 7.14 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.91 to 1.45) |
| p Value | – | 0.24 |
| Other deaths‡ | ||
| Other deaths (n) | 42 | 29 |
| Other deaths/1000 child-years | 1.76 | 1.20 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.68 (0.42 to 1.10) |
| p Value | – | 0.12 |
| Unexplained | ||
| Unexplained deaths (n) | 106 | 103 |
| Unexplained deaths/1000 child years | 4.45 | 4.27 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.72 to 1.27) |
| p Value | – | 0.78 |
| Cause of death not ascertained | ||
| Unascertained deaths (n) | 35 | 46 |
| Unascertained deaths/1000 child years | 1.47 | 1.91 |
| Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.84 to 2.00) |
| p Value | – | 0.24 |