Men with moderate physical work demands only, n=2636
Cumulative incidence, % | HR* | HR† | HR‡ | HR§ | |
Age | |||||
Youngest half (max 48 y), n=1316 | 7.2 | NA | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Oldest half (>48 y), n=1320 | 16.6 | 2.98 (2.33 to 3.81) | 2.69 (2.10 to 3.45) | 2.74 (2.13 to 3.52) | |
Smoking | |||||
Current, n=1901 | 13.0 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Previous, n=502 | 8.8 | 0.57 (0.41 to 0.78) | 0.59 (0.43 to 0.82) | 0.47 (0.34 to 0.65) | 0.52 (0.38 to 0.73) |
Never, n=233 | 9.0 | 0.57 (0.37 to 0.89) | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.95) | 0.52 (0.33 to 0.81) | 0.53 (0.33 to 0.83) |
Alcohol, beverages/d | |||||
0, n=898 | 13.1 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
1–2, n=1250 | 10.7 | 0.82 (0.64 to 1.05) | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.06) | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.06) | 0.84 (0.65 to 1.09) |
3–5, n=404 | 11.7 | 1.00 (0.71 to 1.41) | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.34) | 0.93 (0.66 to 1.31) | 0.82 (0.58 to 1.17) |
6+, n=74 | 18.9 | 2.25 (1.29 to 3.92) | 2.06 (1.17 to 3.60) | 1.85 (1.03 to 3.32) | 1.31 (0.72 to 2.38) |
Leisure-time physical activity | |||||
Low, n=409 | 14.9 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Medium, n=1978 | 12.1 | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.96) | 0.76 (0.57 to 1.01) | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.97) | 0.78 (0.59 to 1.04) |
High, n=240 | 4.6 | 0.29 (0.15 to 0.55) | 0.32 (0.17 to 0.60) | 0.32 (0.17 to 0.60) | 0.37 (0.19 to 0.72) |
BMI | |||||
−25, n=1220 | 10.0 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
>25–28, n=957 | 12.3 | 1.13 (0.87 to 1.45) | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.45) | 1.03 (0.79 to 1.34) | 1.02 (0.78 to 1.32) |
>28, n=454 | 16.1 | 1.56 (1.16 to 2.09) | 1.54 (1.14 to 2.08) | 1.21 (0.88 to 1.65) | 1.19 (0.86 to 1.65) |
Systolic BP, mm Hg | |||||
−120, n=757 | 6.9 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
>120 to 150, n=1523 | 12.5 | 1.77 (1.30 to 2.41) | 1.93 (1.41 to 2.63) | 1.54 (1.11 to 2.13) | 1.82 (1.31 to 2.54) |
>150, n=355 | 19.5 | 2.87 (1.99 to 4.12) | 3.27 (2.26 to 4.73) | 2.00 (1.27 to 3.16) | 2.56 (1.64 to 4.01) |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg | |||||
−75, n=768 | 8.9 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
>75 to 90, n=1491 | 11.7 | 1.26 (0.95 to 1.67) | 1.35 (1.02 to 1.80) | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.44) | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.37) |
>90, n=376 | 18.6 | 2.25 (1.61 to 3.14) | 2.50 (1.78 to 3.52) | 1.42 (0.92 to 2.20) | 1.39 (0.91 to 2.12) |
Hypertension** | |||||
No, n=2592 | 11.6 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Yes, n=41 | 26.8 | 2.95 (1.61 to 5.40) | 2.90 (1.58 to 5.32) | 1.74 (0.92 to 3.32) | 1.51 (0.80 to 2.87) |
Physical fitness (VO2max) | |||||
15–26, n=465 | 16.4 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
27–38, n=1616 | 11.8 | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.03) | 0.78 (0.60 to 1.03) | 0.89 (0.67 to 1.18) | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.22) |
39–78, n=555 | 8.3 | 0.56 (0.39 to 0.82) | 0.59 (0.41 to 0.86) | 0.73 (0.49 to 1.09) | 0.78 (0.53 to 1.17) |
Psychological pressure at work | |||||
No, n=2133 | 12.6 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Yes, n=496 | 8.5 | 0.65 (0.47 to 0.90) | 0.70 (0.48 to 0.93) | 0.64 (0.46 to 0.89) | 0.68 (0.48 to 0.96) |
Psychological pressure at leisure | |||||
No, n=2462 | 11.9 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Yes, n=163 | 11.7 | 1.12 (0.71 to 1.79) | 1.14 (0.72 to 1.83) | 1.17 (0.73 to 1.87) | 1.26 (0.77 to 2.06) |
Work, h/week | |||||
<40, n=341 | 7.9 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
40–45, n=1865 | 13.1 | 1.71 (1.14 to 2.54) | 1.61 (1.08 to 2.40) | 1.66 (1.11 to 2.47) | 1.31 (0.87 to 1.96) |
>45, n=429 | 9.8 | 1.26 (0.78 to 2.04) | 1.34 (0.82 to 2.17) | 1.25 (0.77 to 2.06) | 1.16 (0.71 to 1.89) |
Social class | |||||
High (I, II, III), n=1075 | 9.2 | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ | 1¶ |
Low (IV, V), n=1554 | 13.7 | 1.64 (1.29 to 2.08) | 1.53 (1.20 to 1.95) | 1.62 (1.27 to 2.07) | 1.35 (1.05 to 1.75) |
Lifestyle and other predictors of ischaemic heart disease mortality (n=312, 11.8%) during the 30-year follow-up 1970/1971 to 2001. Statistically significant results are highlighted in bold.
↵* Adjusted for age.
↵† Adjusted for age + lifestyle (smoking, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol).
↵‡ Adjusted for age + clinical factors (BMI, BP including treatment for, physical fitness).
↵§ Age + all other confounders/risk factors (lifestyle, clinical factors, psychosocial stress at work and leisure, number of work hours and social class).
↵¶ Reference category.
↵** Receives doctor's treatment due to hypertension.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; NA, not applicable.