Variable | No increase in physical activity | Increase in physical activity | p Value* | p Value† | p Value‡ | p Value§ | p Value¶ | p Value** | ||
n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | |||||||
Weight, kg | 1380 | −0.67 (5.20) | 310 | −4.27 (7.03) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 1373 | −0.26 (1.73) | 310 | −1.53 (2.56) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.326 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Waist, cm | 1343 | −0.71 (5.31) | 301 | −4.30 (6.59) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Systolic BP, mm Hg | 1367 | −1.21 (14.32) | 308 | −3.24 (14.17) | 0.027 | 0.043 | 0.199 | 0.061 | 0.064 | 0.197 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 1367 | −1.27 (8.58) | 308 | −2.93 (8.10) | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.059 | 0.015 | 0.008 | 0.013 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 1264 | −0.15 (0.83) | 283 | −0.32 (0.85) | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.028 | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.005 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1256 | 0.02 (0.29) | 283 | 0.07 (0.30) | 0.014 | 0.082 | 0.202 | 0.099 | 0.064 | 0.028 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1231 | −0.17 (0.75) | 278 | −0.33 (0.76) | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.012 |
LDL/HDL ratio | 1231 | −0.17 (0.69) | 278 | −0.33 (0.66) | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1253 | −0.02 (0.80) | 282 | −0.12 (0.69) | 0.068 | 0.102 | 0.719 | 0.266 | 0.085 | 0.007 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 1380 | -0.02 (0.49) | 310 | −0.11 (0.48) | 0.004 | 0.021 | 0.102 | 0.078 | 0.027 | 0.011 |
2 h glucose, mmol/l | 1378 | −0.20 (1.53) | 309 | −0.56 (1.56) | 0.023 | 0.004 | 0.016 | 0.031 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
↵* p Values for difference between those who did not increase versus increased physical activity during follow-up adjusted for sex and age at baseline (analysis of variance).
↵† p Values adjusted for sex and age at baseline and dietary change.
↵‡ p Values adjusted for sex and age at baseline and change in weight during follow-up.
↵§ p Values adjusted for sex and age at baseline and change in waist circumference during follow-up.
↵¶ p Values adjusted for sex and age at baseline and number of intervention visits.
↵** p Values adjusted for sex and age at baseline and baseline values.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.