Association between passive smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among never-smoking participants of the Health Survey for England: effect of alternative spirometric definitions
| GOLD criteria* | NICE criteria* | |||
| COPD | Clinically significant COPD† | COPD | Clinically significant COPD† | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | |
| n | 7944 | 5443 | 7944 | 5443 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 40–49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 50–59 | 1.69 (1.32 to 2.16) | 2.17 (1.27 to 3.71) | 1.85 (1.00 to 3.44) | 3.92 (1.06 to 14.53) |
| 60–69 | 2.75 (2.17 to 3.49) | 4.14 (2.50 to 6.85) | 5.13 (2.96 to 8.91) | 11.26 (3.33 to 38.05) |
| 70–79 | 4.48 (3.51 to 5.72) | 8.87 (5.40 to 14.58) | 10.95 (6.35 to 18.86) | 29.68 (8.96 to 98.30) |
| 80+ | 9.00 (6.80 to 11.92) | 21.81 (12.91 to 36.83) | 18.42 (10.28 to 33.03) | 60.77 (17.83 to 207.18) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.56 (0.48 to 0.66) | 0.62 (0.48 to 0.82) | 0.53 (0.40 to 0.70) | 0.45 (0.29 to 0.69) |
| Year | ||||
| 1995 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1996 | 0.76 (0.64 to 0.90) | 0.68 (0.52 to 0.88) | 0.61 (0.44 to 0.84) | 0.57 (0.37 to 0.88) |
| 2001 | 0.67 (0.55 to 0.80) | – | 0.61 (0.43 to 0.86) | – |
| Passive smoking exposure (h/week) | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–19 | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.31) | 1.31 (0.98 to 1.74) | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.49) | 1.09 (0.68 to 1.74) |
| 20+ | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.49) | 1.82 (1.12 to 2.97) | 1.33 (0.74 to 2.38) | 1.92 (0.88 to 4.23) |
↵* GOLD criteria26: FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7; NICE criteria: FEV1/FVC<0.7 and FEV1<80% predicted (equivalent to GOLD stage II).27
↵† Participants with airflow obstruction plus respiratory symptoms (any of dyspnoea, wheeze, chronic cough or phlegm).
↵‡ Adjusted for age, sex, passive smoking exposure and year of study.