Factors associated with treatment-resistant depression on bivariable and multivariable analysis among patients with major depressive disorder on follow-up at Saint Amanuel mental Specialised Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2021 (n=412)
| Variable | Treatment-resistant depression | COR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
| Yes | No | |||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 55 | 136 | 2.73 (1.81 to 4.12) | 2.43 (1.57 to 3.75)* |
| Male | 116 | 105 | 1 | 1 |
| Comorbid psychosis | ||||
| Yes | 106 | 183 | 1.93 (1.26 to 2.97) | 1.89 (1.19 to 2.99)* |
| No | 65 | 58 | 1 | 1 |
| Comorbid Anxiety | ||||
| Yes | 57 | 115 | 1.83 (1.22 to 2.74) | 1.55 (0.99 to 2.41) |
| No | 114 | 126 | 1 | 1 |
| Comorbid medical illness | ||||
| Yes | 72 | 137 | 1.81 (1.22 to 2.69) | 1.67 (1.09 to 2.55)* |
| No | 99 | 104 | 1 | 1 |
| Family history of mental illness | ||||
| Yes | 115 | 192 | 1.91 (1.22 to 2.99) | 2.27 (1.38 to 3.74)* |
| No | 56 | 49 | 1 | 1 |
| History of admission | ||||
| Yes | 68 | 125 | 1.63 (1.01 to 3.00) | 1.52 (0.76 to 2.87) |
| No | 103 | 116 | 1 | |
| Current cigarette smoking | ||||
| Yes | 69 | 130 | 1.79 (1.02 to 3.10) | 1.64 (0.87 to 3.09) |
| No | 104 | 109 | 1 | 1 |
*P value <0.05.
1, Reference; AOR, Adjusted Odd Ratio; COR, Crude Odd Ratio.