Inclusion and exclusion criteria
| Inclusion | Exclusion | |
| Participants/ population | Fathers (an individual who has parental responsibility of a child; this can include biological, adoptive fathers or stepfathers) in the perinatal period (defined as conception to 12 months postpartum) | Did not directly relate to fathers’ well-being/mental health within the perinatal period |
| Interventions/ exposure | Qualitative studies that considered new or recent fathers’ mental health/well-being concerns within the transition to fatherhood (any fatherhood concerns/challenges impacting fathers overall mental health/well-being, referring to emotional and/or social well-being) or explored fathers experiences of current antenatal programmes/support in addressing these fatherhood mental health/well-being concerns in the perinatal period | Studies of men with severe mental illness before becoming fathers within the perinatal period or that focused on experiences of specific events in the perinatal period, such as perinatal loss, birth trauma, neonatal intensive care experiences and COVID-19 |