Table 2

Association between vaccine uptake and settlement type before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibadan, Nigeria*

VaccineBefore COVID-19 onsetAfter COVID-19 onset
UptakeSettlement typeP valueUptakeSettlement typeP value
Urban
n (%)
Rural
n (%)
Urban
n (%)
Rural
n (%)
BCGNo3 (0.5)0 (0.0)0.06No3 (0.7)0 (0)0.07
Yes656 (95.5)535 (100.0)Yes398 (99.3)285 (100.0)
OPV0No17 (2.6)43 (8.0)<0.01No10 (2.5)20 (7.0)<0.01
Yes642 (97.4)492 (92.0)Yes391 (97.5)265 (93.0)
HBV0No44 (6.7)40 (7.5)0.59No21 (5.2)19 (6.7)0.43
Yes46 (93.3)495 (92.5)Yes380 (94.8)266 (93.3)
OPV1No173 (26.3)11 (2.1)<0.01No169 (43.3)23 (8.1)<0.01
Yes485 (73.7)524 (97.9)Yes221 (56.7)262 (91.9)
PCV1No173 (26.3)11 (2.1)<0.01No169 (43.3)23 (8.1)<0.01
Yes486 (73.7)524 (97.9)Yes221 (56.7)262 (91.9)
PENTA1No173 (26.3)11 (2.1)<0.01No168 (43.1)23 (8.1)<0.01
Yes486 (73.7)524 (97.9)Yes222 (56.9)262 (91.9)
OPV2No213 (32.3)55 (10.3)<0.01No181 (47.5)45 (15.8)<0.01
Yes446 (67.7)480 (89.7)Yes200 (52.5)240 (84.2)
PCV2No213 (32.3)55 (10.3)<0.01No182 (47.6)45 (15.8)<0.01
Yes446 (67.7)480 (89.7)Yes200 (52.4)240 (84.2)
PENTA2No213 (32.3)55 (10.3)<0.01No182 (47.6)46 (16.1)<0.01
Yes446 (67.7)480 (89.7)Yes200 (52.4)239 (83.9)
OPV3No294 (44.7)95 (17.8)<0.01No253 (66.1)83 (29.2)<0.01
Yes364 (45.3)440 (82.2)Yes130 (33.9)201 (70.8)
PCV3No296 (45.0)95 (17.8)<0.01No253 (66.1)83 (29.2)<0.01
Yes362 (55.0)439 (82.2)Yes130 (33.9)201 (70.8)
PENTA3No298 (45.2)95 (17.8)<0.01No253 (66.1)83 (29.2)<0.01
Yes361 (44.8)440 (82.2)Yes130 (33.9)201 (70.8)
IPVNo508 (77.1)99 (18.5)<0.01No268 (70.0)88 (31.0)<0.01
Yes151 (22.9)436 (81.5Yes115 (30.0)196 (69.0)
MeaslesNo433 (65.7)215 (40.2)<0.01No333 (87.9)206 (73.3)<0.01
Yes226 (34.3)320 (59.8)Yes45 (12.1)75 (26.7)
Yellow feverNo439 (66.7)221 (41.3)<0.01No366 (96.6)206 (73.3)0.92
Yes219 (33.3)314 (58.7)Yes13 (34)75 (26.7)
  • *There were some missing data.

  • HBV, hepatitis B vaccine; IPV, inactivated polio vaccine; OPV, oral polio vaccine; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PENTA, pentavalent vaccine.