The demographic characteristics of study participants
| Variables | Categories | No of participants | % (95%CI) |
| Age group | 18–34 years | 131 | 53.5 (47.3 to 59.6) |
| 35–49 years | 60 | 24.5 (18.8 to 29.8) | |
| 50–65 years | 41 | 16.7 (12.7 to 22.0) | |
| ˃65 years | 13 | 5.3 (2.9 to 8.2) | |
| Marital status | Married | 107 | 43.7 (38.0 to 49.8) |
| Cohabiting | 11 | 4.5 (2.0 to 7.3) | |
| In relationship | 85 | 34.7 (29.0 to 40.0) | |
| Divorced/Widower | 14 | 5.7 (3.3 to 9.0) | |
| Single | 29 | 11.4 (7.8 to 15.5) | |
| Education | Never | 40 | 16.3 (11.8 to 21.2) |
| Primary | 164 | 66.9 (60.4 to 72.6) | |
| Secondary | 40 | 16.3 (12.2 to 20.8) | |
| Postsecondary | 1 | 0.4 (0/0 to 1.2) | |
| Occupation | Peasants | 184 | 75.1 (69.4 to 80.8) |
| Petty business | 26 | 10.6 (6.9 to 14.7) | |
| Other self-employment | 22 | 9.0 (5.7 to 12.7) | |
| Employed | 3 | 1.2 (0.0 to 2.4) | |
| None | 10 | 4.1 (1.8 to 6.9) | |
| Village | Mahumbika | 64 | 26.1 (20.4 to 31.8) |
| Mtua Longa | 115 | 46.9 (40.4 to 53.5) | |
| Nyengedi A | 66 | 26.9 (21.2 to 33.1) | |
| Time stayed in the village | 0.1–1 year | 4 | 1.6 (0.4 to 3.3) |
| 2–5 years | 11 | 4.5 (2.0 to 7.3) | |
| 6–10 years | 10 | 4.1 (2.0 to 6.5) | |
| Above 10 years | 220 | 89.8 (86.1 to 93.5) |